Comparison of Parks: Central Park and Forest Park

Comparison of putting greens primary(prenominal) car park and timbre putting greenThe of import Park Construction began on 1858, continued during the Ameri git Civil War, and was completed in 1873. brand-new York as the most important scotch center in Eastern joined States, rises and f boths whatever(prenominal) times, and the Central Park rises and falls as closely. And straightaway it is one of the most successful viridity in the metropolis. The timber Park, which opened in 1876, more than a decade after its proposal. St Louis as en strikingd ur ostracize center locate in Mid-Western United States, plays a genuinely important role in the US history, The Forest Park changes several times, excessively rises and falls in its history. These cardinal commonalitying atomic number 18as p artistic creationicipate a very important role in the city, both of them atomic number 18 very large greenss, and built contemporarily. In this paper, I will compare the similari ties and differences amid these two lay and try to describe out the reason by schooling the urban design knowledge based on the development of the city.Forest Park was originally designed as an English Romantic park with open, flowing lengths and diverse environs. Today it retains a lot of that character, especially in the easterly half of the park. Many of the stations envisioned in the original 1876 formulate, which designed by M. G. Kern, and 1904 Worlds Fair think remain in some capacity, with a regorge of modified uses. The parks topography changes a lot after River Des Peres brailed into c over sewer tubes.In 1876, Forest Park already had a vigilant platform and was established. The park was envisioned as a great quixotic propscape, with winding trails and carriageways through deep woods and pastoral fields skirt by informal urine bodies and naturalistic streams. At that time, the land had several owners and was primarily the site of farms and coal mines. The River Des Peres wandered through the trade unionern and east jumps of the area and a major east-west thoroughfare, Clayton Road, passed through the property. The first park commissioners authorized a plan for the new park, To preserve the natural beauties of the ground, so that it will always appear in fact as well as in name, a Forest Park. The plan called for a hippodrome, flowered decorations, a bandstand, and a Forest Park Zoo.In preparation for outset Day, June 24, 1876, 19 miles of roads and 20 miles of walkways were built along with some bridges, water and sewer pipes, including Round Lake, Pagoda Lake and a portion of Peninsula Lake. Other facilities included a restaurant, bandstand, a large race track, and superintendents home. A venial zoo was built and later a fenced area for five overawe became a major park tenderness. By 1891, there was a miscellany of animals to be viewed by the public at no charge.In 1876-77 St. Louis metropolis and St. Louis County separate d, with Forest Park remaining part of the City. By 1894 the park had 2.5 meg visitors, brought there by street car and improved roadways. Park activities were diverse, including one-year bicycle race, carriage rides, boating, cricket, lacrosse, baseball, tennis, croquet, golf, and harness racing.The most substantive changes to the park came as the result of the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition, which was held over much of the parks westward half. To accommodate the graceful, most of the trees in the western part of the park were removed, overlook for what today is Kennedy Forest. Large portions of the park were land-filled to accommodate the new structures. The River Des Peres was rerouted, channeled and departments of it were dictated subsurface. The Art Museum and the Zoos Flight Cage were remained. Grand Basin and Post-Dispatch Lake were reshaped from Peninsula Lake. The plan for the bonny required that the park be returned to its original condition after the windup of the fair, but too many trees had been cleared and the added wear and tear of the fair left an indelible mark on the parks natural systems. In addition, after the fair, the park became the home for pagan and entertainmental facilities the Jefferson Memorial, Zoo, and Worlds Fair marquee were soon added- all done in a piecemeal counterfeit that did not adhere to any comprehensive plan.In the years adjacent the Worlds Fair, up until the late 1920s, Forest Park underwent a series of changes which altered the shape, design, and use of many areas of the park. Many of these changes involved the addition of active recreation facilities in the park, under the guidance of Park wayer Dwight Davis. The changes, while greatly expanding the attraction of the park for many citizens, resulted in a park whose natural systems and linkages were disturbed, a condition that exists to this day.The park continued to change, as new facilities, institutions, and amenities were built. In 1930, the River Des Peres disappeared from the park as it was buried in two underground sewer pipes. More and more of the parks passive green stead was replaced by buildings, athletic fields, golf courses and paths. Highway 64/40 and the Forest Park Parkway were routed through the parks perimeters during this time. Some attempts were made to plan for the parks continued egress during this period, but none had any significant physical impact.The 1983 plan was adopted by the Community Development Commission of the City of St. Louis as the only comprehensive plan for the park since the 1904 plan for the fair and the original plan of 1876. However, it was not significantly implemented. There accept been a number of changes to the park subsequent to the 1983 plan. The most significant harbour been a number of road removals, road re-surfacing and in-fill of the lagoons around Post-Dispatch Lake.In evenfall 1993, a plan was prepared by the New York firm of Kelly/Vernell ornament Architects to augment the 1983 plans landscape component. However, it was never adopted or implemented. 1A similitude mingled with the 1983 and 1993 plans reveal contrary approaches to the park. The most significant differences are different attitudes regarding Grand Basin/ Art Hill and Post-Dispatch Lake area in wrong of active recreation and access, circulation and parking the 1993 Plan incorporating a more great lake and lagoon system different resolutions for the pagan institutions expansion needs and some differences in roads and paths.Central Park is of great importance as the first real park made in this country a democratic development of the highest significance and on the success of which, in my opinion, much of the progress of art and esthetic culture in this country is dependent. Frederick integrity Olmsted, August 1, 1858The creation of Central Park is the fountain of the nations urban landscape park tradition. It plays a role of open space on the island of Manhattan the dyn amic tension amidst pavement and pasture, between city noise and rural quiet, between fresh air and foul between private and public land, between city and state government between city square and urban park.2 It shows how an extraordinary employment of public art emerged from the crucible of New York City politics.By 1800 New York Citys burgeoning commercial future was clear. The Central Park was not a part of the governments plan until 1855, which the population of the New York City get off quad times than 1811s. The City officials recognized the need to plan for the growth which to build a big park to makes more open space. In 1857, Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux won the Central Park Design Competition.Before the social system of the park, the original inhabitants of the land inhabited need to leave, however most of them are low income African-American, German or Irish immigrants, which lived in a comparatively small village (such as Seneca Village), around 1,600 resi dents occupying the area at the time. In 1857, by public land expropriation legislation was imposed, the lands were recovered, while Seneca Village and separate communities were demolished to make room for the construction of the park. In 1860 by the parkway of park commissioners, theyfinalize the negotiations for the purchase of an additional 65 acres at the north end of the park, between 106th and 110th Streets. Between 1860 and 1873, most of the major hurdles to construction were overcome, and the park was substantially completed.Following completion, the park quickly slipped into decline. iodin of the main reasons for this was the lack of interest of the Tammany Hall political machine, which was the largest political gist in New York at the time. Around the turn of the 20th century, the park faced several new challenges. Cars were becoming commonplace, bringing with them their burden of pollution, and peoples attitudes were set out to change. No longer were parks to be used only for walks and picnics in an idyllic environment, but now also for sports, and similar recreation. Following the profligacy of the Central Park Commission in 1870 and Andrew Greens departure from the project, and the oddment of Vaux in 1895, the livelihood effort gradually declined, and there were few, All of this changed in 1934, when Republican Fiorello La Guardia was elected mayor of New York City and coordinated the five park-related departments then in existence. Robert Moses was given the task of cleaning up the park. Moses, most to become one of the mightiest men in New York City, took over what was essentially a relic, a leftover from a bygone era. disrespect the increasing numbers of visitors to the park, Robert Moses departure in 1960 had nevertheless marked the beginning of a twenty-year period of decline in its focusing. The city itself was also experiencing economic and social changes, with some residents fleeing the city and moving to the suburbs in the wake of change magnitude crime. The Parks Department, suffering from budget cuts and a lack of skilled attention that rendered its workforce virtually in installive, responded by opening the park to any and all activities that would bring people into itregardless of their impact and without adequate management, oversight, or maintenance follow-up. Some of these events nevertheless became milestones in the social history of the park, and in the cultural history of the city.Management of the restored landscapes by the conservancys zone gardeners proved so successful that core maintenance and operations staff were reorganized in 1996. The zone-based system of management was implemented throughout the park, which was divided into forty-nine zones. Consequently, any zone of the park has a special(prenominal) individual accountable for its periodic maintenance. Zone gardeners supervise volunteers assigned to them, (who commit to a consistent work schedule) and are supported by specialize d crews in areas of maintenance requiring specific expertise or equipment, or more effectively conducted on a park-wide basis. 34Central Park which is the first park made in US, leads the American parks movement that occurred in the last quarter of the nineteenth century. It did not change a lot after it was built, but the different management could leads a very different result in this Park. A safe maintenance makes it more vibrant and serves people well in the cityForest Park is a unique land asset that seems caught between the need for reform and the need for revolution. It requires reform to correct the inadequate simulate of the plan for New Yorks Central Park, to redress damage from commodious deforestation and earth moving for the 1904 Worlds Fair, and to adjust the park to the automobile and other realities of the world of 1976.To compare those two parks we can findThe designer of the Forest Park probably was influenced by the Olmsted-Vaux plan for Central Park, Several o f the features of the original design of Forest Park, the Grand Drive, the Promenade, the Sheepfold, the unsmooth lakes, reflect similar features in Central Park and other parks such as Prospect park in Brooklyn, which designed by Olmsted and Vaux as well. To compare the Forest Park and Central Park, we can find Olmsted and Vaux solved the problem of crossing park traffic brilliantly with four grade-separated east-west crossing and so successfully screened these from view. However the Forest Park visitors are acutely aware of the north-south commuter traffic passing their park. Kerns curves and loops were designed to serve only a single system of traffic, whereas the designers of Central Park built into its infrastructure four grade-separated movement system the crosswise roads already mentioned plus pedestrian paths, bridge trails, and carriage drives. Unfortunately, lack grade-separated transverse roads and because of the location of certain traffic-generating uses deep within the boundaries of the park, we cannot at the present time as in Central Park ban the automobile altogether on certain days and turn the good park over to cyclists and pedestrians.Forest Park today is the result of these non-homogeneous plans as they were overlaid on each other over time. It is clearly unmingled that the park is essentially split down the middle, with the eastern section be more reminiscent of the pre-Worlds Fair design approach and the western section reflecting the post-Worlds Fair design approaches.Prosperous cities of that period sought to display their municipal pride with civic adornment, and parks ranked high as a cultural expression of the new wealth.2 In addition, the dynamic of intense urban growth which had been set in motion by Post-Civil War industrial enterprise brought about a change in the contemporary attitude toward land use the rapid obliteration of so much open space caused civic leaders to put a value on desolation itself. Parks were viewed as therapeutic and often referred to as the Lungs of the city, More irrefutable perhaps than their effect on the health of the constituent populace was their effect on adjacent land values, an argument that was often candidly advance(a) by park proponents of the period. It was not accidental that, as in New York baronial mansions began to march up Fifth Avenue in reaction to the creation of Central Park, The fashionable quarter of St. Louis grew up at about the same time on the perimeter of Forest Park. Nor was it accidental in either of these cities that their chief cultural resources clustered in or proficient their premier parks.In sum, Both Central Park and Forest Park are the treasures of their cities. For the government the park is also the very important cultural resources, and a good maintenance could makes the park more valuably. As the development of the city, the park may needs to be changed to match the peoples developing requirements , but the main idea of creating a great Park is never changed, which makes people living a better place.BibliographyForest Park master plan City of St. Louis. St. Louis, Mo. Commission, 1995. Print.St. Louis Forest Park R/UDAT, Oct. 28-Nov. 1, 1976. St. Louis St. Louis Chapter, American Institute of Architects, 1976. Print.Heckscher, Morrison H..Creating Central Park. New York, N.Y. Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2008. Print.Central Park. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 6 Mar. 2014. Web. 3 June 2014. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Park.Olmsted, Frederick Law, Charles E. Beveridge, and David Schuyler.Creating Central Park, 1857-1861. Baltimore Johns Hopkins University Press, 1983. Print.Lehnerer, Alex.Grand urban rules. 2nd ed. Rotterdam nai010 Publishers, 2013. Print.Martin, Richard.The New urban landscape. New York capital of Washington York Companies (U.S.A.), 1990. Print.Dams, Bernd H..Central Park NYC an architectural view. by Bernd H. Dams, Andrew Zega.. New York Rizzoli, 2013. Print.Altman, Sally J., and Richard H. Weiss.Forest Park the stone of St. Louis. St. Louis, Mo. St. Louis Post-Dispatch Books, 2007. Print.