Sibling Conflict

Conflict happens all the time, even in our family. Perhaps it is no big deal and has little effect on us. As everyone disagrees with each other from time to time the occasional conflict is part of living with brothers and sisters. I am curious about such friction. It has happened regularly during my childhood. I think that conflict between siblings happens in other families. The cause for conflict varies. In my opinion, one such cause is age difference. Once, when I was in secondary school, my younger sister and I shared a bedroom. She’s 7 years younger than me. Her toys were scattered everywhere aroudnt the room. I always had to tidy up every night before she went to bed. I had to read her a story. I did not like doing it. But, if I had not done so, she would have cried and bothered me. Plus, we could not bear one another. We used to quarrel about petty things. Conflict happens when one person is not satisfied with the other, but it has significant effect to sisterhood and family sentiment. After quarreling, we did not talk so much. We were very angry and hated each other by that time. Now things are better. We understand that it is silly to quarrel over little things. The relationship between my younger sister and I is now strong. Instead of quarreling my maturity helps me to work things out. So, when conflict happens: learn to control your anger; determine what it is you are really disagreeing about; call a family conference. If you are in the right, your parents will support you. Conflict is a part of living and sibling conflicts do happen in a family. It will be less confrontational if you can control your feelings and know how to behave with your sibling.

My Life Journey

My Life Journey By Iris Jackson There is an American gospel song â€Å"Wouldn’t Take Nothing For My Journey† also written in Maya’s Angelou book of quote is the song that reflects on my life journey and the road I am traveling today. After reflecting on my life I can say I have had the bitter with the sweet. Through all of them I have gain wisdom and knowledge. At the age 42 I know there are happy days after the rainy days. They all come to make me strong. In this paper I plan to share show I overcame many challenges and obstacles. Later on I will write about my childhood living in a rural area in N. C. I will include how many and hard times was a failure to my family. Last growing up in a Christian family. Living in a rural area in N. C. was rough. Southgate was on the back side of town down a dusty dirt road. There were no running water, no toilets, and no transportation. There were never enough money my father was the bread winner. My parents never had enough money for bill ,food or new clothes. My mother stayed home as a housewife. I can remember working on the farm with my parents. We had to pick peanuts ,corn and beans. My father raised pigs and chickens. I will never forget those hot days. Working in the field helped me to appreciate life today. I have learned to accept and not complain about things, It was never too late for hard times to knock on our door. My parents were strict we had to do a lot of chores back in the day. Levinson believe that everyone goes through the same basic pattern of development. ( Witt&Mossler 2010) My family was a Christian like family. My mother was an usher. My father was an deacon. They trusted god for everything. My mother taught me my first prayer. We would sit around the table and have Bible study with family and friends. I have learned today to put God first and he will do the rest. I can remember we had to go to church morning and evening. It grew up in me there is no better place I rather be. In all I go through I find church to be a hospital for the sick. The hard times have truly paid off. We didn’t have transportation so we had to walk to church. I think out of all my hobbies I like church the best. I wouldn’t take nothing for my journey right now. Erik Erikson expresses that Expressing hopes dreams and fears to an intimate partner also helps solidify and integrate self-image ( Witt& Mossler 2010) I also teach my son to go to church. He is our church drummer. I would like to thank my family for the love and support they have shown. The family that prays together stays together. I will keep looking up and never give up on my life journey. Again I say I want take Nothing for my journey right now. I feel like that a true song to the core.

International HRM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

International HRM - Essay Example Therefore, in order to expand and grow, corporations are now emerging themselves into the global market. Within the organisations, the most importantly considered assets are its people. Where the organisation requires managing its operational activities, likewise the people within the organisation needs to come under supervision. The administration of the people is the sole responsibility of Human Resource Management department, thus, it has become significantly important for any organisation to have HRM in their organisation. What is Human Resource Management? Human Resource Management (HRM) is one of the departments that exclusively deals with and take care of the company’s assets known as ‘people’. The rising drifts in the international market and its situations have given a boost to Human Resource Management and raised its importance for the organisation and its owners. The history of HRM states that Personal Management was the term that came under use before the terminology Human Resource Management emerged. The emergence of HRM reveals the fact of the success of the organisations that was due to the behavioral change of employees for their contributions through their hard work (Jackson & Mathis, pp. 2-20, 2007). The principal functions of any Human Resource Management in a broad perspective focus on the recruitment of the people, administer them, and endow with guidance for the right path or track to them. Supporting and handling all the matters of concern of employees, such as â€Å"performance management and appraisals, compensation and benefits, training and development, hiring and firing of management level and junior level people, organisational development, employee motivation, and overall administration† (Jackson & Mathis, pp. 2-20, 2007) are the primary job functions of any HRM. HRM is not only administering the company’s employees, rather it also controls the culture of the enterprise and its internal atmosphere. HRM is a leading and motivational aspect that facilitates the employee to give their maximum output in an efficient and fruitful way so that the company can accomplish its mission and visions that helps growing its prosperity. With the passage of time, the role of HRM has extensively modified and increased and now it has shifted from the conventional role of administration of the employees to the added-value strategic approach and method that affects the business revenues in a reckonable way (Jackson & Mathis, pp. 2-20, 2007). What is International Human Resource Management? The globalisation and increasing global market trends and environment has given rise to the concept of Human Resource Management in an international context, which is International Human Resource Management (IHRM). IHRM focuses on the administration of the employees on a global basis in order to accomplish the goals, objectives mission and visions of the enterprise, in order to get an edge over the competitors present not only on local level but

Design management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Design management - Essay Example We, as a team, wanted to focus on environment issues through our promotional campaign. At the same time few of the team members wanted to attract young generations through ‘style’. Nokia did not link up with the environment so we dropped that one. It was hard to decide between the remaining two so we thought of coming up with an exciting new concept. A joint venture of adidas and vespa i.e. vespa hybrid scooters equipped with adidas accessories (helmets, gloves, covers of accelerator and brake controls etc.). Adidas had dedicated a small area at the adidas store for the display of new vespa hybrid vehicles. The idea incorporates both the environment friendly qualities of vespa hybrid scooters and the style of adidas in it. In the promotional campaign, we had to highlight the attributes of both the products and somehow link up the two. The next step was to devise a strategy to introduce the product to the customers and grab their attention. The idea was to start off with a few punch lines that can serve as teasers for the people that enter the Oxford Street where the adidas store is located. Businessdictionary.com states (n.d.) that ‘purpose of teasers is to arouse widespread attention, and build excitement and expectations through consumer curiosity. For teaser ads to succeed, they must be widely publicized’. Along with the teasers, two or more printed ads were also to be displayed along the walkways. The printed ads would have stylish images of vespa scooters with drivers wearing adidas accessories highlighted using proper colour schemes. We also decided to put up video ads at a place in the street which was easily visible to all the visitors roaming around in Oxford Street. With these advertisements in place, visitors would be attracted towards the adidas store to have a look at this new product on display. Within the store, the posters will tell the visitors that new hybrid vespa scooters consume 20% less fuel and

Government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Government - Essay Example storical and legal front, the fact that American constitution and history never granted the approval for same sex marriages until recently on state level is another reason put forth by all those who oppose the moves of same sex practices. Going by the previous rulings of Supreme Court in the form of previous cases such as Bowers vs. Hardwick which came forth in 1986 where the actions and practices related to sodomy and homosexuality were declared illegal and illegitimate, and further the case of Romer vs. Evans case in 1996 where the final verdict was upheld as 6-3 against the grant request for allowing homosexual practices on state level, similarly other accounts of proceedings and cases put forth reveal that Supreme Court has been against the concept and practices of same sex marriages. Originally the constitution guarded for the opposite gender marriages. The pattern of same sex marriages became more prevalent towards 1990s when the formally existent law of First Restatement of Conflicts, on Marriage and Legitimacy was questioned and challenged in the court. This law was existent and related to the rulings of 1934. The long practiced customs of opposite sex marriage limitation has been challenged and questioned, both on legal and argument level grounds. It is being termed as the violation of the basic rights to the people. Freedom of expression with regard to their personal life, personal orientations and personal sexual desires and tendencies is also accounted for a reason why the same sex marriage must be allowed for practice and legal approval. As an effort to reduce the domestic expenditure, the forestry spendings is an area where the possible cut is possible. This would help the already incurred heavy losses in the form of 1 trillion plus U.S dollars. It will have positive impact on the different variables and factors associated with the annual budget and the normal living standard of the common American citizens. The possible slash on the forestry

Will the Oil Crisis happen Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Will the Oil Crisis happen - Essay Example As Daniel Yergen concisely states, "We're not running out of oil. Not yet." He qualifies this statement by stating, "Right now the oil market is tight, even tighter than it was on the eve of the 1973 oil crisis." He even states that, "in this high-risk market, 'surprises' ranging from political instability to hurricanes could send oil prices spiking higher," but he - like many other scholars - does not foresee an actual supply shortage in the near future. He notes that the public at large has heard the rumor that rising gas prices are an indication "that the world is going to begin running out of oil in five or 10 years," and many people believe this falsehood to be true. However, the reality of the situation is just not that simple. The ever-changing prices of fuel might be an indicator of a fluctuation in the market, but many experts agree that price instability is not a reflection of a dwindling oil supply. Yergen states that new field research conducted by Peter Jackson and Robert Esser actually indicates quite the opposite is true. He states that Jackson and Esser have actually forecast "a large, unprecedented buildup of oil supply in the next few years." Their figures estimate that "between 2004 and 2010, capacity to produce oil could grow by 16 million barrels a day -- from 85 million barrels per day to 101 million barrels a day -- a 20 percent increase." Although fuel consumption is a never-ending fact of our society, modern technology is making it possible for the world's oil suppliers to use much more efficient techniques for finding new reserves and exploiting the ones we already have. As Deming states, "With every passing year it becomes possible to exploit oil resources that could not have been recovered with old technologies." Much of the optimism in Leonardo Maugeri's The Age of Oil is founded in such technological hope. He writes, "It is probably true that our planet does not hide many more gigantic, yet-to-be-discovered deposits of conventional oil. But the discovery trends we are witnessing today can make this irrelevant" (220). He believes that "unconventional sources such as gas liquids, ultra-deep offshore deposits, ultra-heavy oils, shale oils, and tar sands" hold some hope for future development. Scientists are currently researching ways to put these resources to use. Since high gas prices allow companies to have more capital for scientific advancement and research, his hope of nontraditional fuel sources may likely become a reality. He also states that the Persian Gulf and Russian Federation "have huge potential for new reserves additions" if they can overcome "outmoded technologies and poor management" (221). Ultimately, when fuel companies need this oil, the market will likely force them to find a way to make the right technologies available to these regions. For example, the largest oilfield in Kuwait is still using equipment from the 1940's and 1950's to extract its oil (224). Surely, modern technology will be able to help this field and many others as the quest for oil intensifies. Yergin predicts that "the share of 'unconventional oil' - Canadian oil sands, ultra-deep-water developments, 'natural gas liquids' - will rise from 10 percent of total capacity in 1990 to 30 percent by

Outcome 2,8,11,12 and 13 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Outcome 2,8,11,12 and 13 - Essay Example On examination, his pulse rate was 120 per minute and his blood pressure was 80/50mmHg. I immediately made a diagnosis of anaphylactic reaction and stopped the iron drip. I started oxygen and initiated plain saline drip. I gave 10ml per kg bolus. I then called the house officer who was appreciative of my immediate response to the reaction that saved the patient. Intravenous iron therapy is associated with risk of anaphylactic reactions that can be fatal. hence it is important to closely monitor any patient on intravenous iron therapy. The patient was worried and asked me as to what was the problem. I told him that he reacted to the drug that was administered to him. he then asked me as to what would be the other means of increasing his hemoglobin and I told him that the next option would be blood transfusion. Outcome 8 12 year old Annah, a known case of acute lymphatic leukemia was brought to the emergency department with complaints of fever. She has been on chemotherapy for the past 3 months. She has no other complaints except for feeling of weakness. On examination, her pulse rate was 120 per minute and the pulses were bounding. She was febrile and even respiratory rate was high. Her blood pressures were11/90mmHg. She appeared toxic. She also looked pale. Examination of the systems revelaaed no abnormality. I suspected neutropenia in this patient secondary to chemotherapy. I send blood samples for complete blood picture including neutrophil count, blood culture and urine culture. In view of rise in respiratory rate, I checked her saturations which were normal. I asked for an X-ray. The reports revealed neutropenia. I made a diagnosis of febrile neutropneia and called the oncologist who ordered to initiate broad spectrum anitbiotics ceftazidime and gentamycin, while awaiting culture results. The parents were worried and asked me about the cause of fever. I told them that due to cancer treatment, the defense mechanisms were lost which contributed to increased r isk of infections. It is very important for a nurse taking care of hematological cancer patients to be aware of the most significant and disastrous complication, febrile nuetropenia which needs admission and management in the hospital. Febrile neutropenia can lead to sepsis (Bedbie et al, 2000). If untreated, it can lead to severe sepsis and shock. Annah's parents were worried that she might go into shock. I understood the concerns of the patient and directed them to the physician's chamber to meet the physician who was more qualified to address the needs of the parents. Outcome 11 In our out-patient department, we often would encounter patients with iron deficiency anemia who would be started on oral iron supplements. Iron supplements are very nasty because they can cause many side effects like abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and constipation, because of which compliance is very poor. There was one particular 55 year old gentle man who had persistent low hemoglobin levels despite iron therapy. Infact, we were planning to evaluate for other causes of hemoglobin when his wife told us that he was not taking his medication regularly because of side effects. I then told the patient into confidence and educated him about the important and benefits of iron therapy. I told him to take iron medication about one hour after meals to minimise side effects and also to have the best absorption possible. I told the patient to drink some orange juice after taking iron

Discussion Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 19

Discussion Questions - Essay Example This difference has caused social and economic changes in Europe and United States, which include aging population, changing role of women in the labor force, changing family structure, and demographic shifts towards urbanization (Bloom, Canning & Fink, 2008, 15). Labor force is expected to increase but due to changes in age participation rates and low fertility, youth dependency is lowered and female participation in the labor force increases. Economic growth apace and aging population proliferates due to betterment of health care. Thus, to stabilize and increase populations, developed countries focused on behavioral and economic responses that would aid in the betterment of health of working individuals to improve economic growth (Bloom, Canning & Fink, 2008, 1). 2. You are studying the community of a small pond and discover two similar species of fish. You believe they may be competitors, but you want scientific evidence to support or refute this idea. How would you conduct research, including studies you might carry out and findings you would expect if your hypothesis were true? Explain. Answer: To support the belief that two similar species of fish can be competitors, a research should be conducted and started through review of literatures, studies, and theoretical bases as these would provide the strong foundation for the study. For instance, Helfman, Collette, Facey & Bowen (2009) support the idea that members of the same species (like fishes) can compete with the resources and is called intraspecific competition (542). Researcher might carry out an experimental type of research observing two set ups – two same species of fish and two different species of fish to differentiate existence of competition or to assess the degree of competition between two set ups. The existence of competition even with the same species is the expected

The confidence of Saudi Consumers in the credibility of seasonal sales Literature review - 1

The confidence of Saudi Consumers in the credibility of seasonal sales of international brands - Literature review Example Current paper focuses on the examination of the perceptions of Saudi consumers on international brands. Particular emphasis is given on the confidence of Saudi Consumers in the credibility of seasonal sales of international clothing brands. The literature published in regard to this subject is critically analyzed aiming to identify the views of Saudi consumers on the seasonal sales developed by the international brands. The performance of international brands in the Saudi market is examined; due to the lack of adequate material on the views of Saudi consumers on seasonal sales, an effort has been made to cover the relevant gap by analyzing the criteria on which the choice of consumers on international brands is based. The strategies used by marketers for increasing the trust of consumers to various products/ services are also analyzed. Furthermore, the international brands of firms operating in the clothing industry in Saudi Arabia are presented. It is proved that the marketing strat egies used in Saudi Arabia for the promotion of these brands have certain characteristics; moreover, it is made clear that the marketing policies used in Saudi Arabia for the promotion of these brands are quite effective. Significant prospects exist for further growth of the firms operating in the particular sector of the Saudi market. 2. ... On the other hand, Fink (2000) notes that in each market, the level of retail sales can be a credible indicator regarding the consumer confidence in the particular market (Fink 2000). It is not explained though whether there are specific marketing strategies that can increase the consumer confidence, which in turn will lead to the increase of retail sales. Referring specifically to the fashion sector, Hirschbichler (2011) notes that the sector’s managers are likely to use two strategies in order to improve the performance of their stores, i.e. increase the numbers of their customers: a) the Quick Response Strategy, a strategy focusing in the establishment of an effective supply chain; it is explained that the above method is particularly valuable in practice, as proved through the case of Zara; by adopting the above strategy the specific firm managed to reduce the time required for responding to the orders of its customers, and its performance has been significantly increased. The above strategy would be also used by retailers in Saudi Arabia, as a tool for increasing the confidence of their customers in the product/ services involved; b) ‘Collaborative planning, forecasting and replenishment’ (Hirschbichler 2011, p.6), meaning the cooperation with other members of the team for increasing the effectiveness of the strategies including in a particular marketing plan (Hirschbichler 2011, p.6). Between the two strategies proposed above, the study of Hirschbichler the second one is considered as more effective, covering an important area of the market. Another aspect of consumer confidence is presented in the study of Jacobson et al (2001); in the above study, it is made clear that the most effective way for increasing

Inside's Coke's Diversity Story Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Inside's Coke's Diversity Story - Case Study Example Discrimination on the basis of color and gender is not new to the U.S. But laws and social feeling has contributed much to see that racial discrimination is non existent at least in the near future. This is a care where the Judiciary directed and supervised the erring company to make amends and diversify its policies to end discrimination. The law suit Ingram, et al. v. The Coca-Cola Company (Case No. 1-98-CV-3679 (RWS) was filed by the plaintiffs for "Four named plaintiffs, (Linda Ingram, Kimberly Gray Orton and Elvenyia Barton-Gibson.), represented a class of 2200 current and former salaried, African-American employees of Coca-Cola in this class action filed April 1999 in the Northern District of Georgia. The case involved race discrimination in promotions, compensation and evaluations. Among other things, the plaintiffs alleged a substantial difference in pay between African-American and white employees; a "glass ceiling" that kept African-Americans from advancing past entry-level management positions; "glass walls" that channeled African-Americans to management in areas like human resources and away from power centers such as marketing and finance; and senior management knowledge of these problems since 1995 and a failure to remedy them."1i The allegation was that there was... The court heard the matter which was taken up for settlement. "The plaintiffs claimed Coke discriminated against black salaried employees in pay, promotions and performance evaluations. The settlement covers black salaried employees in the United States who worked at Coke at any time between April 22, 1995, and June 14, 2000." The Plaintiffs counsel on their website further comment on the case as under: "In early 2000, the Court ordered both sides into mediation. The parties reached agreement on a Settlement-In-Principle on June 14, 2000. A final Settlement Agreement, valued at $192.5 million and designed to ensure dramatic reform of Coca-Cola's employment practices, was officially approved by the Court on June 7, 2001. Since the Settlement Agreement went into effect, the court-appointed task force chaired by Alexis Herman, former Secretary of Labor has issued annual task force reports highlighting the progress the Coca-Cola Company has made in complying with the Settlement Agreement."2 The views expressed on the issue by the news media and the website of major organizations of Human Rights welcomed the settlement move. For example the Interfaith Centre for Corporate Responsibility (ICCR) called it laudable and its post at the site on the day says: "On November 16th, The Coca-Cola Company agreed to pay more than $192 million in cash and equity payments in the largest racial discrimination lawsuit in U.S. history. The settlement resolved a federal class action lawsuit brought by African American employees against the company in April of 1999 and mandates major changes unprecedented in corporate history. Coke's Chairman Doug Daft has made it clear that he intends to root out discrimination at the company and restore the trust of the

Lord of the Flies Central Thematic Dichotomy Essay Example for Free

Lord of the Flies Central Thematic Dichotomy Essay The theme of the central thematic dichotomy in lord of the flies is conveyed through many ways through out the first three chapters. The once majestic island has begun to seem as if it is only a mask for the true concealed â€Å"beastie.† The seemingly paradisiacal island is very similar to the Garden of Eden as it obtains beauty by the vast amounts of growing foliage such as the â€Å"blue flowers,† â€Å"candlebuds,† and dense green forest. On the crust the cool, calm and peaceful persona is vivid and clear however just below lies the greed and savagery of all man kind which in the biblical story says that evil was exposed through Eve when she gave into temptation and disobeyed god’s commands however, in Lord of the flies the sinister one who gives into temptations and leads others with him is Jack as he gives into his primal urges and disobeys his civilized upbringing because of his constant rationalizations of the fact that they need meat but, in reality his interest in meat for the boys is clouded by his desire to kill. The garden of Eden references are also foreshadowing devices as at first the Garden is full of joy and laughter and then humans fall because of greed and temptation which is what happens to the boys at first they believe â€Å"this is a good island† but soon they fall to the primal instincts from within. This shows that the island although beautiful on the surface is merely a disguise for the underlying evil that is rooting itself into the boys. Secondly in my opinion I believe the island and the boys is very much like Libya, it has a hierarchy, it has an infrastructure, it has rules and regulations. It seems civilized. However it is not. As we know, the hierarchy is a dictatorship conducted my Gaussian, much like Jack who is urging himself to be a dictator which is shown when he says â€Å"Come on, Follow me!† leaving only Piggy and Raplh alone as well as, his control over the choir boys, even though Ralph is leader. Its infrastructure is weak, as is the shelters built by the boys, and lastly the rules and regulations are kept but enforced in a cruel , barbaric way which is how the boys are beginning to edge towards as shown when Ralph makes the boys stand until one collapses and he is left and teased for his lack of stamina. Although the boys try to stay within the paths of civilization they slowly are drifting onto the trail of savagery. Also the components of civilization they brought or found are slowly being destroyed and replaced with demonist items such as fire. They begin with their clothes. Clothes have been worn for 170,000 years, since the dawn of civilization, at first the purpose of piggy removing his â€Å"school sweater† is because of his desperation to escape the heat and although Raplh strips, during the first chapter he eventually puts his clothes back on, showing that within him he still sides with humanity rather than savagery however, as time continues the boys slowly begin to rip and destroy as well as remove more clothing and the most covered, Jack, who begins wearing his long black cloak in the first chapter becomes the least clothed with his â€Å"bare back† described when he is hunting in the third chapter. This shows the backwards evolution of the boys where they are beginning to strip away all that is civil and proper and go back to the nature they were created with. As if the once civilized island is now manipulating them to become Neanderthal like creatures. Secondly Piggy’s glasses represent intelligence and humans overpowering nature and the boys use them as †burning glasses† which shows that they are starting to lack respect for human kinds inventions and innovations and interchange over to a side where items/technology are not worth what they would be in a civilized town. Also the fact that they took the glasses forcefully without Piggy’s consent is a sign that the children have not only begun to loose respect for items but also for manners which coincides with the theme that the boys are loosing respect for proper behavior and therefore loosing respect for civilization. This again also foreshadows the future because Piggy’s glasses are also broken just like the shattering of civilization on the island. Lastly the fire the boys create begins as a sign of hope, they try to create a signal so someone might rescue them however it slowly turns into a much larger fire than expected and sets fire to some of the trees and eventually kills a young boy. This is Goldings way of saying that even something that has good intentions can quickly turn into something heinous if given the chance. It is foreshadowing the boys development from good natured English school boys to savage, cold, cantankerous monsters of human beings. To conclude on the surface the boys and the island seem, pleasant, empyrean and majestic however, the inner core opposes the outer drastically and surfaces when times are tough. This shows that the primitive barbaric attitudes of our ancestors comes fourth when in a time of crisis and pressure even if we have the greatest of intentions in the end as Golding shows no-one has the ability to deny or defeat our urges even ones as pure as Simon. Our greatest enemy is truly ourselves.

Wsh Policy And Objectives At Azura

Wsh Policy And Objectives At Azura AZURA Chemical was established in 2009 and is situated in the Jurong Island, Singapore. It has a staff strength of 50 people. The company is a manufacturer of Ethoxylated Surfactants. Their main products are Ethoxylate Surface Active Agents; Polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters; Polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oils; Polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers. The company core values are. We believe and value open communication at every level in the organisation. We encourage creativity and challenge the Status Quo. We endeavor to respect every Individual by fostering a trusting environment and treating each person equal. Internal Factors The 3 Internal Factors are. 1. Current WSH Policy 2. Feedback from Internal Audit and Management review meeting. 3. Organisational WSH cultures. The WSH policy statement was to drive the company mission and objectives toward achieving its Environmental, Safety, Health and social responsibility. The company administered the policy via its policy deployment process by scheduling monthly communication meeting with staff and the Managing Director of the company took the personal responsibility to communicate the company policy. The Feedback from Internal Audit and Management review meeting was to put in place corrective and preventive actions plan and monitor the effectiveness of the current and new control measures put in place. It also act as a continuous improvement cycle to continually improve its Safety and Health objectives by review and making changes to its policy statement and objectives. They achieved this through their bi-yearly internal audit and 6 monthly management review meeting chair by their Managing Director. . Organisational WSH cultures. The company started the program to drive a culture shift by adopting a proactive instead of being reactive mindset in the areas of Safety and Health. Previously, program was only put in place only after a near missed and an accident situation. The procative program put in place are a weekly surveillance by management team walk-about. The senior management team basically walk through the factory and identify best practices, improvement areas and communicating with people on the shopfloor to better understand their concern in the areas of Health and Safety. The feedback are discussed during their monthly management meeting and the result or actions plan are posted in the notice board as a form of communication with their employee. External Factors The 3 External Factors are. Changes in Legal requirement. Trend in industrial practices United Nation / International labour Organisation directives. 1. Changes in Legal requirement. With the changes made to the WSH (SAFETY AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND AUDITING) REGULATIONS 2009, PART III SAFETY AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Implementation of safety and health management system 8.-(1) It shall be the duty of the occupier of every workplace specified in the Second Schedule to implement a safety and health management system for the purpose of ensuring the safety and health of persons at work in the workplace. Workplace safety and health audit 9.-(1) It shall be the duty of the occupier of any workplace specified in the Third Schedule to appoint a workplace safety and health auditor to audit the safety and health management system of the workplace at a frequency as specified in the Third Schedule. In order to comply with the regulation, the company have to engaged an External consultant to establish and develop the SHMS system based on SS 506 Part 3 ( SHMS for chemical industries). Thereafter, the company has to engaged an MOM approved SHMS auditor to do an audit on the company system. 2. Trend in industrial practices. Very Often, change in industrial practice or Best Practices influence the company WSH management system and control. Example are Technical Advisory from the WSHC which formulate and set-up new or updated Safety guideline for the general industry. The company will therefore need to update it management system, make changes to its internal procedures such as SWP and follow-up with the latest need for training to its employee. 3. United Nation / International labour Organisation directives. The Globally Harmonized System (GHC) was initiated at the UN Conference on the Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. It aims, amongst other goals, to harmonize the classification and the hazard communication elements of chemicals (labeling and safety data sheets). The direct impact on Industry, end user and the implementation time frame for Singapore supplier, manufacturer and end-user. With the new directive, the company will need to implement new labeling format for all its Chemical Label to be pasted on all its container / drum before making delivery to all its customers by 2012. Changes will be made to its internal processes such as work and packaging procedures and changes to its OHS/WSH management system Current Policy OSH POLICY Azura Chemical Pte Ltd is committed to complying with all applicable Environmental, Health and safety Act and practices, including the commitment to meet or exceed applicable legal and other requirements, to strive for continual improvement in our OSH management system, and to minimize/eliminate safety and Health hazards. We will, therefore, manage our processes, our materials and our people in order to reduce Safety Hazards and Health impacts associated with our work. We pledges to implement and operate the SHMS Management System to further enhance safety and health performance. Our main objectives are to: Establishing current and long-term goals to provide the necessary guidelines for continuous improvement of occupational safety and health. Publishing HSE objectives, activities and performance data as part of our OHS Risk Communication efforts. Working toward ZERO Accident Rate. Improving the overall working condition in Safety and Health. This policy will be communicated to all parties interested in the performance of our OSH management system. Signed: Azio Suzuki Date: 1 Feb 2009 Managing Director After reviewing the current policy, it will be beneficial for the company to demonstrate its commitment to the objectives i.e. How are they going to achieve them? We therefore will make some recommended by adding a commitment to achieve the objectives The additions are: We will meet theses commitment by : To establish current and long-term goals to provide the necessary guidelines for continuous improvement of occupational safety and health. To publish Occupational, Safety and Health (OSH) objectives, activities and performance data as part of our OHS hazard and risk communication efforts. To provide our employee with the appropriate education and relevant training they need to better understand their OHS roles and responsibilities. To hold every employee responsible for their own action that otherwise will impact the life of others, the overall health, safety and the environment we operate in. To take and make every effort and to work toward ZERO Accident Rate. To commit and Improve the overall working condition in Safety and Health. Identify and look into the relevant organisational structure/s essential in the alignment implementation of the WSH policy. (PC2.1, UK11) The company WSH come under the responsibility of the EHS Director and he report to the Corporate EHS Director and dotted line to the Managing Director. Under the leadership of the EHS director, the Safety and Health steering committee provide the guidance to overall deployment. The WSH officer get the directive from the steering committee and act as the liaison officer for all HSE.OHS matters and program. The WSH structure consist of 6 main function i.e. EHS Director, Human Resources, WSH officer, Facilities, Manufacturing and the Safety Committee / EHS . EHS Director. The EHS director works with the corporate EHS in setting all OHS policy, Safety and Health deployment , drive and monitor and review all the OHS performance indicators. WSH Officer. The officer works under the supervision and directive of the EHS director to implement, monitor and follow-up on all OHS matters and update key safety performance indicators monthly. He also chair the monthly safety inspection and meeting. He also provide expert advise to the director and staff. He works closely with the HR training department in formulating training programs. Together with the HR training executive, they perform and conduct Job safety and training needs analysis. Human Resources ( Training and Admin support) The HR department is assigned the role to support the WSH programs and arrange for external training need and also conducting in-house safety awareness induction program for all new employee. It also provides the administrative support, maintain documentation and manage the training programs for the company. The HR officer also work closely with the finance department to ensure funds are made available to implement and promote the WSH training. Manufacturing and Operations Work closely with WSH officer to conduct regular safety and health inspection and to identify any hazards in the workplace. Is also responsible to conduct and review all Risk Assessment for all the activities under their control. Responsible to establish Safe Work procedures (SWP) and enforce/monitor all Permit to work (PTW) system. He also support the company plant-wide SHMS management system and to ensure conformity to the policy ad procedures. Participate and support training requirement and planned program. Facilities. The facilities department manages all facilities support and equipment maintenance program to ensure machines and equipment are safe to operate. It also support and monitor all the fire fighting equipment and to ensure the equipment are maintained and comply with the relevant bodies such as SCDF. Assist the manufacturing department in evaluating purchase of new machineries and equipment in meeting safety and Health requirement before they are brought into the factory. Conduct and review all RA within the scope of facilities activities. Monitor and update any process change to comply with Health and safety requirement. Safety Committee ( Chairman and committee members) The committee under the leadership of the chairman and the guidance of the WSH officers perform and carried out all the objectives set by the Steering committee and perform daily, weekly and monthly WSH activities. Activities such as weekly or monthly Safety inspection, participate in the monthly Safety meeting. The WSH chairman sits in the Steering committee meeting to provide feedback, participating in formulating policy and objective and coordination work. Emergency Director ( SMC) The Site Main Coordinator (SMC) acts as the Emergency Director in an emergency situation. His role is to coordinate with the Site Incident Coordinator (SIC), the emergency team members and the SCDF. Site Incident Coordinator (SIC) The SIC role is to manage and coordinate the emergency response team in Fire fighting, mitigating a chemical spill and rescue operations, the First aid team, Evacuation and fire warden teams and communicate and updating the SMC on the emergency situation and status on a regular basis. Emergency Response Team. The emergency response team members are responsible for to any emergency situation such as chemical spill, fire /explosion. They have been trained to mitigate, perform rescue if situation permit and to contain any emergency situation when it arise. Environment Hazardous Substance Committee. The committee members are responsible for managing, evaluating and management control of all the hazardous chemicals bought into the premise and storage. They are also responsible in drafting SWP for safe handling of chemical and storage based on SDS documents and industry best practices, CP and standards. They are also responsible to manage environmental issue such as emission, waste disposal and any environmental impact study. They act as an advisor to the ESH director, steering committee, WSH offices and employee for all Environmental, safety and Health such as policy, control, training and procedures Organisational programme for stakeholder awareness and involvement. (PC2.3, UK6, 13, 20) Ways to engage and motivate stakeholders in the change process within organisational structure and system. (UK14, 17) Establish the strategies for implementing WSH policy. (UK15) 14. Establish the impact and the resources required for implementation, prior to finalizing the changes. (PC2.5, 3.5, UK27, 28) Types of Programmes Description of Programmes Implementation of Programmes Short Long Term Impacts 1. Near Missed / Incident campaign The objective was to raise the safety awareness level of all employees and to encourage employee to feedback safety hazards while at work. With the campaign, the company hopes to move away from the RE-ACTIVE mindset ( Act only when an incident occurs) to a PROACTIVE attitude by getting every employee to be proactive and be aware of their working environment and be safe at work. A Near Missed Safety campaign to be launched by the Managing Director for a period of 3 months to get employee to be participative in identified hazard in the workplace. Forms (Feedback card) were printed and place at 8 different locations for employee to write their feedback. The WSHO was appointed to collect back all the feedback cards and review them for actions, award score and compile a weekly summary. The summary of the results were posted in the communication board to reflect the number of submission, individual and department scores. Awards were presented by the MD at the end of every month. It was awarded to individual and department for Best Individual and Best supporting department with the most submission. Financial Budget for the Reward; 3 months period was. Individual $100 Department : Trophy. Awareness Level. Lost in work productivity as staff will be away and higher cost due to overtime to cover loss hours. The short term impacts were that the safety awareness level was raised at every level in the organization, Rank and file. Getting people to act on the hazard immediately rather than later. People: Mindset changes. Reduction in Accident rate The long term impact is the positive culture mindset change based on Proactive rather than Reactive. Safety Hazard identification and risk control consideration can be built into every activities and planning / thinking process rather than fixing the problem after the implementation stage. Types of Programmes Description of Programmes Implementation of Programmes Short Long Term Impacts 2. Safety Training Programme. The safety program focus on the Hazard identified during the Risk Assessment (RA). There are: Material Handling such a forklift and pallet truck. Pen knife safety. Understand SDS with regards to PPE and risk control such as chemical spill and on the proper use chemical spill kit. Manual handling. Proper lifting technique. The safety committee members appointed to take charge of safety training were involved in preparing the training material with the help of the WSH officer and training consultant. The training were schedules monthly for all the relevant staff involved in the activities identified. The training was conducted by the WSH officer. Staff has to take a short assessment on 20 questions and pass the test. Employee attending the session was required to sign in the training log. A refresher course was also planned (within 1 month) for those who did not manage to pass the prescribe assessment test. Short Term impact. Lost in work productivity as staff will be away and higher cost due to overtime to cover loss hours. The staff safety awareness level with regards to potential Hazard in their own workplace was raised and they will able to communicate with their colleague and supervisor. The long term impact are : Reduction in Accident rate as staff will be more competent. Boost staff morale. Staff are more responsible toward taking ownership when safety is a concerns, They are able to identify safety hazard and contribute ideas on safety mitigation and hazard elimination. 3. Safety awareness exhibition. The objective to schedule a safety and Health exhibition was to raise the awareness of the industries safety trends and development. The exhibits on displayed gave the employee an visual view of the various safety hazard and the types of control measures available. The WSHO and the safety committee training team member make arrangement to have Workplace Safety Council and National Fire and Civil Emergency Preparedness Council (NFEC) organization to showcase their Fire, Safety and Health program. The fee for the external provider was set at $500 for the entire exhibition week. Short-term impact. Time away from productive work. Employee is aware of what some of the external organisation are dong to promote Safety At Work. Long Term impact. Boost Morale and Reduction is the incident rate. Staff will be able to continually understand and see safety is part of their activities at work and at Home. 4. Permit to Work System. PTW The objective in implementing the PTW system was to manage and control risk. The PTW system applied to the following activities. 1, Hot work. 2. Work at Height. 3. Confined Space. 4. Lock Out Tag Out LOTO The WSHO is responsible to authorize with the approval of the Senior manager in all activities listed in the PTW system The programs are mandatory under the WSH regulations. WSH (Confined Spaces) Regulations 2009. WSH (General Provisions) Regulations 16 2006. WSH ( SHMS Auditing) 2009 Short-term impact. Work Productivity will be affected as procedures need to be adhered to before works are permitted. Long Term impact. Most of the incident related to Hot-Work, Work at Height, Confined space will be reduced or eliminated due to effective control measured put in place. Advantages and benefits of having positive WSH culture in the implementation of WSH policy. (UK18) The benefits of driving towards a positives culture, i.e. attitude and mindset changes are: Raising the level of Safety awareness and becoming increasing informed. Taking personal responsibility and accountability in safety when at work. Take proactive step in hazard identification and suggest action to eliminate or minimise the risk exposure. People tend to think or see Safety as the sole responsibility of the Safety officers or the Safety and Health Manager. They are added to supervise and enforced Safety and Health rules. Its their roles to ensure Safety at the workplace. With a culture shift and a positive mindset, Safety is EVERYONE responsibility. Safety is MY responsibility. As an employee, I have to think Safety at all time when performing my task. When employee takes responsibility for his work safety, he will be committed to ensure he does not endanger himself and others while at work. Establish regular and effective review process of WSH policy and objectives. (PC3.1) The main purpose of any review is to align, update and ensure all the information is still relevance. The process involving going through the company current OHS policy, set objectives, corrective and preventive actions identified and put in place. Secondly it is for the purpose of continuous improvement in safety and health matters. This is necessary due to the facts the environment we work in are changing all the time. Action or plan can be ineffective due to changes in the process, equipment, technology or Legal legislation / requirement or other requirements such as code of practice and standards. By adopting a PDCA ( Plan, Do, Check, Act) model, we repeat the cycle and continually working towards sustainable improvement at all time. The periodic Management review can be schedule either quarterly or after an internal audit. The frequency of the review are as follows: Safety Performance Indicators. Monthly Review No of Reported Near Missed / Incident. eg :Loss Time Incident rate (LTIR). OHS Policy Review. (Management Review Meeting) Bi-Yearly ( Every 6 months) Safety Gap Status Review: Corrective and Preventive Action (CAPA). Every 3 months. Determine the relevant information to be collected for reviewing. (PC2.4, 3.2, UK23, 24, 26) 13. Involve stakeholders in the assessment of necessary changes to existing policy and objectives. (PC1.4, 3.4 UK8, 25) Name of Information / Assessment Description Freqency/Duration of review Person in-charge 1. WSH Inspection Report. To identify any safety gap or safety violation during the walk-about by the appointed Safety committee members on a monthly schedule. To follow-up on corrective and preventive actions identified and timely close-out all identified hazard. WSH (Workplace Safety and Health Committees) Regulations 2008 Monthly WSHO / Safety Chairman. 2. OHS Safety Performance Indicators. The safety performance indicator established for the years such as: No of accident / Near missed / Total Loss time. ( LT ) Loss Time Incident Rate ( LTIR ) Severity Rate. ( SR ) Every 3 months. EHS Manager Name of Information / Assessment Description Freqency/Duration of review Person in-charge 3. Risk Assessment To conduct Risk Assessment prior to commencing of any work activities in the workplace. The risk assessment includes 3 critical areas such: Hazard Identification, Risk Evaluation and Risk Control. Any High risk identified must be reduced to Low or Medium before work can start. If risk cannot be reduce to an acceptable level, SWP must be put in place to minimize the risk level. Reference : WSH (Risk Management) Regulations 2006 Every 3 years. Or When there are changes to the process or an incident has occurred. WSHO / Department Manager/ Top Management 4. Quarterly Safety Management Review Report. The quarterly summary of the Safety Inspection report. The purpose of the summary report was for management to review safety gaps identified, status of the corrective and preventative actions Plan. (i.e. closed or pending action) To review resources and budget to fix safety gaps identified during the monthly safety inspection. Quaterly EHS Manager. 5. Safety and Health Management System. SHMS Audit report The SHMS internal and external reports are used for the purpose of continuous improvement activities. To determine whether the company current OHS policy and objectives need to be aligned with the organisation Safety and Health Management System (SHMS). The external auditor reports are use by the company for the purpose of identifying safety lapses and system weakness. During the OHS/WSH policy review meeting, management must take into consideration the Auditor comments and recommendation in order to ensure the policy can be response to the changes needed to improve. Every 6 months EHS Manager and SHMS Management Representive (MR) 15. Document and communicate to relevant stakeholders the changes in policy arising from review. (PC1.6, 3.6, UK16, 30) Documentation Record keeping, communication are necessary for the purpose of compliance to WSH Act such as WSH 1 WSH (Incident Reporting) Regulations 2006 2 WSH (Risk Management) Regulations 2006 3 WSH (Workplace Safety and Health Committees) Regulations 2008 4 WSH (Safety and Health Management System and Auditing) Regulations 2009 Occupational Health 1 WSH (First-Aid) Regulations 2006 2 Factories (Medical Examinations) Regulations 1999 3 Factories (Noise) Regulations 1997. The other purposes of record keeping and communication are for monitoring and surveillance of ill health due to exposure to hazard. Any employee identified during the surveillance will be put through counseling such as suspected or confirmed NID case. For employee working in an environment where the identified hazard was radiation will be assigned other duties when the permissible exposure limit; PEL has been exceeded. The 5 WSH documentation are: Monthly Safety Inspection Report and Monthly Safety meeting minutes. Safety and Health Training Records. Risk Assessment Activities Inventory list and Risk Assessment (RA) Health Surveillance and Monitoring. ( Cyanide exposure, X-ray, Audiometric-NID ) Noise monitoring record ( Internal and Boundary Noise) Communications The 3 main type of communication that are employed by the company are: Safety Notice Board. Quarter Safety News Letter. Video display. The Safety Notice Board. The boards are used to communicate, safety inspection report, Safety meeting minutes, WSH bulletins from WSH council, MOM News alert and Safety and Health performance indicators such as No of Incident case, Loss Time Accident Case, Severity and Frequency rate. 2. Quarterly News Letter. The New letter serves as a communication channel to : showcase interview with Safety personnel, Safety ideas, safety program update, Safety performance among various manufacturing sites worldwide. Corporate EHS news and directives. 3. Video Display. The Video Display are installed at the reception and Staff canteen areas for the purpose of communicating Safety and Health update and news to internal (staff) and external (visitor, suppliers) personnel . It also displayed the company Safety policy statements and commitment and monthly Safety Videos. List of Appendices

The History Of Genting Malaysia Berhad Tourism Essay

The History Of Genting Malaysia Berhad Tourism Essay Genting Malaysia Berhad was once known as Resort World Sdn Bhd, which was a share limited private company, incorporated under the Companies Act 1980, on 7 May 1980. The name was changed into Resort World Bhd from 1989 2009, being a public company and lastly known as Genting Malaysia Berhad. In 1989, Genting Malaysia had become an entire gaming, hotel and resort-related operations company. Shares of Genting Malaysia have been listed on Bursa Malaysia since 22 December 1989. Genting Malaysia has involved in leisure services and hospitality business field for over 45 years, such as theme parks, gaming, hotels, seaside resorts and entertainment. It has a loyalty card programmed named Genting World Card which contains over 3.3 million members alone in its Malaysias operations. The top business in the company is Resorts World Genting. It is a great place for family leisure and entertainment resort. It was situated at the top of Genting Highland and having around 19 millions of visitors annually for the past five years. The resort there has six hotels which are Highlands Hotel, Resort Hotel, Theme Park Hotel, Maxims Genting, Genting Hotel and First World Hotel. There 10,000 over rooms prepared for the visitors time by time. Theme parks (including outdoors and indoors), dining restaurant, mega shows and many more entertainment are all ready at one location. Genting Highlands Resort was voted the Worlds Leading Casino Resort at the year 2005, 2007 and 2008 and Asias Leading Casino Resort from 2005 to 2008 by World Travel Awards. Located close to Resorts World Genting, the operating business of Awana Genting Highlands Golf Country Resort too owned by Genting Malaysia. It has two chains named Awana Kijal Golf, Beach Spa Resort and Awana Porto Malai located at Terengganu and Langkawi subsequently, which are both two beautiful seaside. First World Hotel has won the worlds largest hotel with 6,118 rooms as recorded in the Guinness World Records and Ripleys Believe It or Not. Genting Malaysia did an equity investment on the Star Cruises Limited (the leading cruise operator of Asia Pacific) by 19.3%. Organizational Chart Genting Malaysia Berhad is a profitable organization. Its common purpose as others companies is to unifying its people and forces. It coordinated their workers to work together for a common purpose to give the best services and entertainment to customer as possible. With the organization division of labor function, it leads to greater efficiency in their workers performance in different categories and fields. Furthermore, an organization chart shows the hierarchy of authority through the chain of command (from the command from the board of authorities to the presidents and lastly to the workers). Genting Malaysia Berhad is accessing the wide span of control as shown on the chart above; every department was under the control of a chairman/chief executive- Tan Sri Lim Kok Thay. Next, this company has fallen on the functional structure. The workers are all grouped under the categories of similar work specialties to ease the management of the whole organizations operation. Every departm ent has their own specialized professionals in order to carry out the task given. On the same time, Genting Malaysia Berhad is a mechanistic organization. Its authority is centralized and employees are closely supervised in carrying out every specific job. For examples, reports are needed for any operations carried out. With the centralized hierarchy of authority, any instruction given by the chairman needed to be followed. True too that theres a lot of rules and procedures set by the company to obtained disciplined workers. For instance, letter must be written for requesting a lift and workers are needed to give reasons for why are they late and hand in a formal letter after that. Specialized task is a must for every department in order to run the organization smoothly. In the other side, it would be something special that in a mechanistic company, it has a wide span of control and flatter structures. Genting Malaysia Berhad undergoes differentiation as the organization are somehow operating under their own functions and do not need to work together to achieve the same purpose. It has a large organizational size as there are approximately 19,000 of full-time employees working under their organization. Chairman Chief Executive Tan Sri Lim Kok Thay Deputy Chairman of the Board Tun Mohammad Hanif bin Omar Director Tan Sri Alwi Jantan Director Mr. Quah Chek Tin Director Teo Eng Siong Director Tan Sri mohd Zahidi bin Hj Zainuddin Director Tan Sri Clifford Francis Herbert Senior Vice President- eService Rick Management Mr. Thomas Ng Seng Siew Senior Vice President- Human Resources Mr Eddie Teh Yong Teng Chief Financial Officer Ms. Koh Poh Yong Executive Vice President Resorts Operations Dato Kevin Sim Kia Ju President Chief Operating Officer Dato Lee Choong Yan Senior Vice President Finance Corporate Affairs Mr. James Koh Chuan Seng Senior vice President Hotel Operations Mr. Edward Arthur Holloway Senior Vice President- Casino Security Operations Mr. Lim Eng Ming Senior Vice President- Public Relationship Communications Dato Anthony Yeo Keat Seong Senior Vice President- Casino Operations- Mr. Aaron Chia Khong Chid Senior Vice President- Casino Marketing Mr Leow Beng Hooi Planning and Strategic Management Basic Strategies used to respond to uncertainty The Genting Group was found in 1965 by Malaysian entrepreneur the late Tan Sri Lim Goh Tong. The group has over 26 years of experience in developing, operating and marketing casinos and integrated resorts in different parts of the world. This company is using prospector strategies to do their business. Genting group has more than 26 years of experience in developing, operating and marketing casinos and integrated resorts in different parts of the world, It also includes the Americas, Australia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and United Kingdom. Genting Highland is the only one legal casino in Malaysia. It has been voted Malaysias leading corporation and one of Asias best managed multinationals. The groups integrated resort is Resorts World Genting, formerly known as Genting Highlands Resort. Genting Group is respond in prospectors. Although their main activities are casino and theme park but this company try to develop in others part. Genting Group starts to open concert shows, Strawberry Farm, food beverage and retail shopping in Genting highlands Resort. It is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Malaysia. The Genting Group has since expanded and diversified into other activities including plantations, properties, power generation, oil and gas, e-commerce, information technology and biotechnology. This company brave in trying new things and will not let its product stop on a point. Genting Highland Resort is under Genting Group, it always show the prosperity of Malaysia during public holidays. To be a successful company, Genting Group must find an efficient and effective strategies to run a its own company .The Genting Group are responding in prospectors as their company basic strategies. It means that Genting Group will bring more services to customers and do the best in future. Establish Vision and Mission Mission The purpose of Genting Group are : 1. Always care in changing demands of their customers and excel in providing quality products and services to satisfy customers wants. 2. Promise to innovation and the utilization of new technology to achieve competitive advantage. 3. Be responsible in generate a rational return to their shareholders. 4. Emphasize in personnel policies which recognize and reward performance to make them better. Encourage contributions of employees and provide proper training, development and opportunities for career advancement. 5. Be a responsible corporate citizen, always increasing corporate governance and transparency. Vision The Genting Group wish to be the leading multinational corporation committed to increase value of shareholders and keep maintaining long-term sustainable growth in their core businesses. SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths In 1997, Genting Highlands resort has launched a Skyway cable car which was further boosted its facility attraction. The Genting Skyway acquired the Worlds Fastest Mono Cable Car System with a speed at most 21.6km per hour and the Longest Cable Car in Malaysia and Southeast Asia. In fact, a lot of transportation is available, such as rental car, taxis, express bus, limousine coaches, shuttle services, or charter helicopter. Genting Highlands Resort possesses five hotels, namely Genting Hotel, Highlands Hotel, Resort Hotel, Theme Park Hotel and First World Hotel and two apartment blocks, Ria and Kayangan Apartment at the hilltop and Awana Genting Highlands Golf and Country Resort. All these hotels are offer comfortable housing and delicious cooking. Besides, large shopping malls are there for the visitors to grab anything that they wish for. Today, Genting Berhad is a multinational corporation in Malaysia that has been recognized by various organizations for its typical leadership and management. Besides, Genting Berhad was acknowledged as the No.1 Leading Company Street Journal 200(formerly Far Eastern Economic Review 200). Genting Berhad was also rated No.1 in Malaysia and No.2 in Asia for Overall Best Managed Company for the Decade by Asia money and No.5 in Best Corporate Social Responsibility. Furthermore, Genting is a good choice for a stroller family and children because of the present of outdoor theme park and indoor. The theme parks offer unique experience of snow villages and haunted adventures that can satisfy every pleasure seeker. Foe the cyber addict, Genting provides the most up-to-the-minute cyber games in the cyber. In addition, the casino in Genting which is the only legal casino in Malaysia is the most attraction to the adults because all the popular gambling games are provided included Chinese games. Weaknesses Next, one of the businesses running in Genting such as casinos can only participated by non-Muslim because it locates in an Islamic country. Therefore they lose a large amount of customer. Lastly, in order to provide the best goods and services, the equipment of the hotels, and the safety plan to make customer feel convenience, their cost to run out these services is large. Opportunities Geographically, Genting Berhad located in a peak of Titiwangsa Mountain, with an altitude of 2000 meters above sea level. Genting is surrounded by a flourishing green forest in its valley, the characteristic feature of equatorial region. The distinguishing feature of Genting is the soothing temperature which in between 16 to 23 degree. The climate is usually refreshing and cold, habitually cloudy and misty; therefore it provides a natural feel of air conditioning. In addition, the scenery from the peak offers an unforgettable experience of enchantment. These virtues attract the native crowd which offer them peacefulness that lack in the dusty city. These benefits will attract the tourist and foreigners come over and increase their revenue. Besides, Genting locates within Titiwangsa Mountains and between states of Selangor and Pahang of Malaysia that is accessible by car. For example, we have to spend an hour to reach there from Kuala Lumpur. Alternatively, we can choose the cable car called Genting Skyway (3.38 km) which is used to be the fastest in the world and South East Asias longest gondola lift. It is leads to the population growth in Pahang increased from 1288376 to 1534800 since year 2000. Threats Firstly, Genting have to face the risk of landslide because its company located at the hilltop. For example, theme park and casino are running at the hill. Due to the Gentings location, government has no budget to build them an electrical source and water. So, the company has to make it by themselves. Besides, gambling is a high profit business. So, a lot of competitors of Genting Company, for example China and Singapore want to open a legal gambling as well as the hotel for the gamblers to attract them. If the scenario is as mentioned, the profit which is originally can earn by Genting Berhad around the South Asia, now has to divide into several parts. The Casino de Genting is a support for the Malaysia government and it is also a threat. Genting supported government partaking in the casino industry is restricted, it will be a chance for them to divert investments in other Asian country with more open gambling laws such as the Philippines is a good location to choose. So, Genting Berhad will lose the opportunities from government. Hence, the revenue of Genting might be decline. Besides, the price and services that charge to the customers is higher than normal company because of the company located at the hill. The cost to run out the goods and services at the hill is also high. Grand strategy The grand strategy used by Genting Berhad is growth strategy. It helps them to become one of the largest conglomerate companies in Malaysia. It provides detailed information about Gentings first few years, and the effects of the companys founder Tan Sri Lim Goh Tong entrepreneurship and leadership. Since then explore how Genting extended to a variety of related and non-related business, as a strategy to expand its business operations in the domestic and international markets. It also details the growth strategy by the industry in each entry. Moreover, The Genting Berhad is a major player in Asia, but the owner of the $ 5.5 billion Resorts World Sentosa in Singapore is seeking global growth with key investments in the U.S. Genting recently paid $236 million for nearly 14 acres on the Miami waterfront. There are nearly 30 years of casino experience in hotel management, industry veteran, has joined Genting Singapore in 2010 to set up the casinos marketing team, in its flagship property, Resorts World Sentosa the city-state licensed casinos. On the other hand, Genting Berhad is eyeing casino opportunities in the highly regulated Japan or South Korea after building up a war chest of more than RM13bil to fund its expansion programme. RM13.2bil of Genting Bhds cash and cash equivalents on December 31, 2011 (fiscal 2011) RM11.9bil bank balances and deposits, money market instruments, while the remaining RM1.3bil. It can also produce more cash flow each year more than RM500mil. The Group has considerable stash funds to finance its expansion plans, but obviously, this is not complacent to rest on their laurels, it has just announced plans second problem in Singapore permanent securities, in order to raise more funds. In conclusion, by using the growth strategy, Genting Berhad able to produce high quality products, good performance and provide the best service to customers. Competitive strategies The competitive strategy used by Genting Berhad is differentiation strategy. This competitive strategy is to offer products or services that are unique and directed to customers who are price insensitive.Genting Berhad is well-known and has wide market.Genting Behad has a large target. Five Peak Resort Hotel, Genting Hotel, Highlands Hotel, Resort Hotel, Theme Park Hotel, First World Hotel in 2004, compared to the overall average of 84% occupancy rate and average room rate of RM89, 77% and RM78 respectively 2003years. During the year, the Group continues to enhance its products and facilities, in order to attract new and repeat resort visitors. Genting Hotel, two floors were converted to the motto of the club was originally called the elite club. This hotel within a hotel concept features two villa suites, 50 suites, 11 executive suites and 39 executive suites, business center upgrades, private VIP check lounge and a unique dining and entertainment facilities . These contemporary designed private suites offer luxurious amenities and state-of-the-art in-room facilities as well as personalized butler service, designed to premium guests and business travelers. The geographical reach of the Internet enables distant competitors such as what Singapore and China want to do, where they want to open a gambling area for gamblers as well as the hotel to bring competition into the local market, or even an indirect competitor to compete more directly with Genting Company. However, Genting Highland is under individual land, so it doesnt have any problems since it is a monopoly type of company. There have own websites and other IT facilities, such as hotels, gambling machines, Genting World Co., Ltd. to expand its products and services, and to provide new products, to provide a differentiated product, depending on the target market. For example, the First World Hotel is a high-end market of the mid-market customers, Genting Highlands Resort. Through its Web site, customers can choose what is the best product to suit their taste and budget. Genting World Card members can get more loyal members and reward them with valuable advice and privileges as long as the use of the card any the Genting products and services. In conclusion, Genting is using differentiation competitive strategy in their business. By using this strategy, they can keep improving their service and get the competitive advantage in future. Recommendation Recommendations on utilizing the strengths of Genting Malaysia Berhad For strength, Genting Company should enhance the security measures in their transportation facilities. As people know, Genting is very well-known with Skyway cable car which is known as the Longest Cable Car in Malaysia and Southeast Asia .But however, some people will insist to drive there rather than utilizing the cable car. This because people will assume that the Skyway cable car is not really safe as the security measures are not strong enough to support their weight .Hence, people will choose not to utilize the facility. For the second strength, Genting Company possesses many hotels to attract customers. Besides comfortable housing and delicious food, Genting Company should build in more entertainment corners for their customers. For example: gym room for customers to work out meanwhile to release stress, coffee room to give customer a small corner to relax and interact with each other, spa that allows customers to enjoy and release themselves, swimming pool and so on. All these facilities will definitely attract more customers to come over. In addition, Genting should use their names of becoming the 1st Leading Company Street Journal 200(formerly Far Eastern Economic Review 200) to become the 1st company in the world instead of Malaysia. Genting should eventually improve their leadership and management to achieve the goal. For example, Genting Company should give their workers more training and therefore self development of every worker may occur. The location where Genting Company has now is totally a good strength for their company to attract customers. The flourishing green forest around them and the soothing temperature in Genting is one of the main attractions of Genting. To attract more people for coming to Genting, Genting Company should enhance the great environment that they already had now. Genting Company should emphasize more on the environmental problem so that the environment will always be the one who can attracts customers to Genting. Moreover, Genting is the best choice where every people can go no matter the young or the old people. For young people, they can enjoy the theme park to the extreme high level while for the elders one, they can pay a visit to the casino .The casino is one of the legal casino in Malaysia and hence Genting should eventually upgrade it to attract more customers to come over . As a result, Genting should employ more workers to work in the casino and give them some intensive training to show their professionalism to the customers. Recommendations on utilizing the opportunities of Genting Malaysia Berhad The weather in Genting is one of the best opportunities among all the others which eventually attract people to Genting. The cold weather in Genting is rarely found in Malaysia and even other places which are not higher than 26 degree Celsius and not lower than 14 degree Celsius. This perfect weather makes people wanted to pay a visit to Genting for entertainment due to the hot weather in Malaysia or extremely cold weather in other places. Besides that, the location of Genting also becomes one of the opportunities for Genting. Genting locates within Titiwangsa Mountains and between states of Selangor and Pahang which is not that for from every state so that people from every state are able to come over. Moreover, the location is accessible by car which gives another convenience for people to come over. As a result, people can easily travel to Genting as they want due to the convenience that Genting have. Recommendation to overcome weaknesses of Genting Malaysia Berhad As we analyzed, the first weakness of this company is one of the business running in Genting like casino is not suitable for non-Muslims. There is no certain ways to cure this weakness as it is related to religious issue. Meanwhile, Genting can set up more business centre which suits everyone even every religious to replace the loss of customers and income. Large costs to run out the best goods and services are also one of the weaknesses for Genting. Genting should try to adjust their internal and external expenses to save for other usage. For example, they can find some company to sponsor their costs for certain activities such as live shows and concerts. It can reduce the burden for Genting. Recommendation to overcome threats of Genting Malaysia Berhad As stated in the SWOT analysis, the first weakness is the risk of landslide because Genting is located at the hilltop. To overcome this weakness, a retaining wall should be built. A solid, well-designed retaining wall should made by strong and reliable materials. The stability of the wall can increase by the drainage materials behind the wall. Besides that, a diverting debris pathway can also prevent landslide. It can create with the help of retaining wall. Besides, the next threats are the new entrants from foreign countries such as Singapore and China. To counter this threat, it is crucial to stress out the competitive advantage having by Genting which is the weather and location. For those new entrants, they may not have the unique weather that Genting has. So, the competitive advantage of Genting needs to be stressed that it is a best place to have the theme park excitement and accommodation hotel with the cold weather as its located at the hilltop. Apart from this, Genting seems to have a good and strategic location. This is because it is located almost the middle of Peninsular Malaysia. The important thing is, Genting is a place that would not miss out whenever tourists visit Kuala Lumpur because it is very near. Lastly, the price and services that charge to the customers is higher than normal company. This may lead to decrease in consumption by customers. In order to overcome this problem, Genting should consider adjusting the fees and charges. They can try to conduct some special activities with lower charges or promotions during holidays or specific festivals to attract customers in order to increase revenue. As a consumer, people will be easier attracted and tend to spend more when these activities with lower prices is conducting. It also purposely will increase companys profit. Genting should also take note that high prices of goods and services will reduce the demand from customers. Conclusion In conclusion, the attraction of Genting Highland is known as the Fun City above the Cloud due to the refreshing weather. Genting Group comprises four listed entities such as Genting Malaysia Berhad, Genting Plantations Berhad, Genting Singapore Plc and Genting Hong Kong Limited. According to the latest information, in December 2006, Genting Group won the tender in obtaining one of two Singapore casino licenses to build a resort, called Resorts World Sentosa, which is under Genting Singapore. The project is to create a symbol major tourist attraction for the booming Asian tourism market. In 2007, Genting Plantations try into biotechnology to develop complex genomic processes and naturally occurring processes for alternative energy resources through an equally owned joined venture with Synthetic Genomics. In September 2010, Genting New York won a bid to build a racino at Aqueduct Race Track in New York City, this is the first step of a planned expansion in the United States. In June 2 011, Genting UK was awarded a casino license for a 55,000 sq-meter mixed-use facility in Birmingham. The development is in partnership with the NEC Group. In Malaysias Leading 100 Graduate Employers Award 2011, Genting Malaysia Berhad  is one of the Top 10 Leading Employers and also becoming the Winner in Leisure, Travel and Hospitality Sector which is awarded by GTI Media and trendence Institute. In the Malaysia 1000 Awards, Genting Malaysia Berhad has been awarded the Industry Excellence Award Hotel Sector 2010/2011 by BASIS Publications House Sdn Bhd Malaysia National News Agency (BERNAMA). Genting Group is making Malaysia major in offers a wide range of facilities, entertainment, and others. Besides that, Genting Group has almost US$46 billion at 31 May 2011 in combined market capitalization. Genting not only popular in Asian, it also has a lot of product spread all over. Without doubt, Genting is a good image company. Reference and Appendices http://www.gentingmalaysia.com/malaysia_workplace.htm http://www.genting.com/groupprofile/rwb.html http://www.gentingmalaysia.com/profile.htm http://www.gentingmalaysia.com/bod.htm http://www.theofficialboard.com/org-chart/resorts-world http://nurinabalqis.tripod.com/id14.html http://essaysforstudent.com/Business/Genting-Group/5284.html (function() { var scribd = document.createElement("script"); scribd.type = "text/javascript"; scribd.async = true; scribd.src = "https://www.scribd.com/javascripts/embed_code/inject.js"; var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(scribd, s); })() http://www.reportlinker.com/p0794400/Genting-Malaysia-Berhad-Company-Profile-and-SWOT-Analysis.html http://ebookbrowse.com/genting-berhad-swot-analysis-bac-pdf-d275936981

Aspects of Breast Cancer :: essays papers

Aspects of Breast Cancer According to the American Cancer Society, in the United States in 1997 alone, 180,000 people were diagnosed with a horrible disease. Of all types of cancer breast cancer ranks second and is the number one cancer which is fatal in women between ages of 15 to 54. This cancer is within the top three cancers of all women above the age of 15. This awful disease is breast cancer. Breast cancer is a group of rapidly growing reproducing, undifferentiated cells in the area of the breast in a woman. The earliest stages occur in the epithelial cells of the terminal end buds (TEB) of the breast milk ductal system. While the causes of breast cancer are unknown, the cells in the breast trigger a reaction of cell reproduction. These new cancer cells form tumors. If cancer cells are active or are considered malignate, the tumor grows at tremendous speeds, and may end up in metastasis. Metastasis is a process in which cells break away from their primary tumors and is carried through the blood supply or through the lymph system and relocate into other organs, thus spreading cancer throughout the body if left untreated. Generally, if a lump is less than one centimeter, it is considered benign, although every woman should consult her doctor about any unusual bumps or feeling in the chest. One sign of breast cancer results from ductal cancer in the breast. A once hollow open tube could be completely clogged up with cancerous cells thus leaving an awkward feeling in the chest area. The body is forced to supply nutrition for itself, but also for the large tumors that clog and cram the system. Although there are many different types of breast cancer, these are the most common. The first one is adenocarcinoma. It starts in the glandular tissues in any part of the body. Even though that it is a commonly diagnosed cancer the prognosis can vary greatly due to when the cancer is found. This accounts for nearly all breast cancer. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a noninvasive breast cancer. It starts in ducts but doesn^Ã’t spread through the duct walls. The best way to detect this kind of cancer is by a mammogram. This may change into an invasive cancer if not caught in time. If it changes then it is called an infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC). This form of invasive cancer invades the fatty tissue of the breast. IDC invades to other parts of Aspects of Breast Cancer :: essays papers Aspects of Breast Cancer According to the American Cancer Society, in the United States in 1997 alone, 180,000 people were diagnosed with a horrible disease. Of all types of cancer breast cancer ranks second and is the number one cancer which is fatal in women between ages of 15 to 54. This cancer is within the top three cancers of all women above the age of 15. This awful disease is breast cancer. Breast cancer is a group of rapidly growing reproducing, undifferentiated cells in the area of the breast in a woman. The earliest stages occur in the epithelial cells of the terminal end buds (TEB) of the breast milk ductal system. While the causes of breast cancer are unknown, the cells in the breast trigger a reaction of cell reproduction. These new cancer cells form tumors. If cancer cells are active or are considered malignate, the tumor grows at tremendous speeds, and may end up in metastasis. Metastasis is a process in which cells break away from their primary tumors and is carried through the blood supply or through the lymph system and relocate into other organs, thus spreading cancer throughout the body if left untreated. Generally, if a lump is less than one centimeter, it is considered benign, although every woman should consult her doctor about any unusual bumps or feeling in the chest. One sign of breast cancer results from ductal cancer in the breast. A once hollow open tube could be completely clogged up with cancerous cells thus leaving an awkward feeling in the chest area. The body is forced to supply nutrition for itself, but also for the large tumors that clog and cram the system. Although there are many different types of breast cancer, these are the most common. The first one is adenocarcinoma. It starts in the glandular tissues in any part of the body. Even though that it is a commonly diagnosed cancer the prognosis can vary greatly due to when the cancer is found. This accounts for nearly all breast cancer. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a noninvasive breast cancer. It starts in ducts but doesn^Ã’t spread through the duct walls. The best way to detect this kind of cancer is by a mammogram. This may change into an invasive cancer if not caught in time. If it changes then it is called an infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC). This form of invasive cancer invades the fatty tissue of the breast. IDC invades to other parts of

Electronics :: essays research papers

Microsoft® Word Viewer 97, the newest member of the Word Viewer family, is a freeware product that allows you to view and print Microsoft Word 97 documents. Like previous versions of Word Viewer, the latest version can also open documents created with all previous versions of Word for Windows and version 4.x and above of Microsoft Word for Macintosh®. You cannot edit an open document in Word Viewer 97. However, if you have Word 97 installed, Word Viewer can open the document in Word. You can also copy text to the Clipboard to paste it in other applications. Microsoft encourages you to distribute Word Viewer 97 along with your Word 97 documents to people who do not have Microsoft Word 97. What’s New in Microsoft Word Viewer 97 Microsoft Word Viewer 97 is optimized for displaying Word documents inside Microsoft Internet Explorer 3.x and above. If you have Netscape Navigator 2.x or above, Word Viewer Setup will install a plug-in that allows Word Viewer 97 to display documents inside the Navigator window. Word Viewer 97 includes the following, market-leading Microsoft Word 97 features:  Online Layout View for easy reading of online documents, including those with background colors and textures  Document Map for point-and-click navigation through longer documents  Hyperlink navigation to open any hyperlink in a document with your installed browser System Requirements for Word Viewer 97  A personal computer with a 486 or higher processor  Microsoft Windows® 95 operating system or Microsoft Windows NT® Workstation operating system 3.51 or later  4 MB of memory for Windows 95 (8 MB recommended)  12 MB of memory for Windows NT Workstation  7 MB of hard disk space (9 MB free for installation only)  VGA or higher-resolution video adapter  Microsoft Mouse or compatible pointing device Ordering Microsoft Word 97 If you would like to order the retail version of Microsoft Word 97, contact the Microsoft Order Desk at (800) 360–7561 in the U.S., visit the Microsoft Online Shop, or contact your local Microsoft subsidiary. To locate your subsidiary, see the Microsoft World Wide Offices Web site at:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.microsoft.com/worldwide/default.htm Contents To jump directly to any topic, click its page number in the table of contents below. Microsoft Word Viewer 97 for Windows 95 and Windows NT  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 What’s New in Microsoft Word Viewer 97  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 System Requirements for Word Viewer 97  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 Ordering Microsoft Word 97  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2 Contents  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2 Technical Support for Microsoft Word Viewer 97  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4 Microsoft Knowledge Base  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4 The World Wide Web  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4 TechNet  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4 Microsoft FTP Site  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4 Microsoft FastTips  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5 Information on using Microsoft Word Viewer 97  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5

Structuring a Successful Composition Course Essay -- English Writing T

Thinking about how I would structure my classroom for a composition course creates a dilemma for me. I had a great experience in my high school composition courses. I really responded to how it was taught and made a personal connection to the work I was doing. Originally, I wanted to model my classroom after the one I had loved so much. The readings I have done concerning postmodern techniques being used in a composition course have also seemed very appealing to me, but present a different classroom experience. James Berlin claims â€Å"in teaching writing we are tacitly teaching a version of reality and the student’s place and mode of operation in it† (235). Without dealing with the forces students are contending with I would be indoctrinating them with my own ideology and not teaching them the tools to understand and work with these systems for themselves. The problem is how can I reconcile these two teaching styles to fit into my version of a productive and successfu l classroom? The initial thing I would be concerned with when teaching a course such as this is how to get the students to want to do the work. I know that most kids do not want any part of schoolwork period, but how can I make the work interesting enough to get kids to at least have some kind of connection to their work? My first instinct would be to assign a short writing task with a few options for topics concerning the kids personal lives, family situations, or friends. James Sosnoski in his essay â€Å"Postmodern Teachers in Their Postmodern Classrooms: Socrates Begone!† attempts to create a series of writing assignments for his postmodern classroom. His first assignment would not be as concerned with the individuals issues, but he would have the students write about ... ...for my teaching is to teach my students to understand themselves and how they fit into the systems that affect their lives in so many ways. How I am going to go about doing that I have not figured out quite yet. Works Cited Althusser, Louis. â€Å"Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses.† Althusser, Lenin 127-86. Berlin, James A. â€Å"Contemporary Composition: The Major Pedagogical Theories.† Illinois: National Council of Teachers of English, 1997. 233-48. Clifford, John. â€Å"The Subject in Discourse.† New York: The Modern Language Association of America, 1991. 38-51. Jarratt, Susan, A. â€Å"Feminism and Composition: The Case for Conflict.† New York: The Modern Language Association of America, 1991. 105-123. Sosnoski, James, J. â€Å"Postmodern Teachers in Their Postmodern Classrooms: SocratesBegone!† New York: The Modern Language Association of America, 1991. 198-219. Structuring a Successful Composition Course Essay -- English Writing T Thinking about how I would structure my classroom for a composition course creates a dilemma for me. I had a great experience in my high school composition courses. I really responded to how it was taught and made a personal connection to the work I was doing. Originally, I wanted to model my classroom after the one I had loved so much. The readings I have done concerning postmodern techniques being used in a composition course have also seemed very appealing to me, but present a different classroom experience. James Berlin claims â€Å"in teaching writing we are tacitly teaching a version of reality and the student’s place and mode of operation in it† (235). Without dealing with the forces students are contending with I would be indoctrinating them with my own ideology and not teaching them the tools to understand and work with these systems for themselves. The problem is how can I reconcile these two teaching styles to fit into my version of a productive and successfu l classroom? The initial thing I would be concerned with when teaching a course such as this is how to get the students to want to do the work. I know that most kids do not want any part of schoolwork period, but how can I make the work interesting enough to get kids to at least have some kind of connection to their work? My first instinct would be to assign a short writing task with a few options for topics concerning the kids personal lives, family situations, or friends. James Sosnoski in his essay â€Å"Postmodern Teachers in Their Postmodern Classrooms: Socrates Begone!† attempts to create a series of writing assignments for his postmodern classroom. His first assignment would not be as concerned with the individuals issues, but he would have the students write about ... ...for my teaching is to teach my students to understand themselves and how they fit into the systems that affect their lives in so many ways. How I am going to go about doing that I have not figured out quite yet. Works Cited Althusser, Louis. â€Å"Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses.† Althusser, Lenin 127-86. Berlin, James A. â€Å"Contemporary Composition: The Major Pedagogical Theories.† Illinois: National Council of Teachers of English, 1997. 233-48. Clifford, John. â€Å"The Subject in Discourse.† New York: The Modern Language Association of America, 1991. 38-51. Jarratt, Susan, A. â€Å"Feminism and Composition: The Case for Conflict.† New York: The Modern Language Association of America, 1991. 105-123. Sosnoski, James, J. â€Å"Postmodern Teachers in Their Postmodern Classrooms: SocratesBegone!† New York: The Modern Language Association of America, 1991. 198-219.

Cerebro Vascular Accident Health And Social Care Essay

IntroductionStroke or Cerebro Vascular Accident is the rapid loss of encephalon map ( s ) due to the perturbation in the blood supply. This is caused by ischaemia resulted from the obstruction of blood supply or a bleeding. The obstruction can be due to any thrombosis or arterial intercalation which consequences in deficiency of O and glucose to the encephalon country and it can take to decease of encephalon cells and encephalon harm. This frequently consequences in an inability to travel one or more limbs on one side of the organic structure, inability to understand or explicate address, inability to see one side of the ocular field etc. Stroke is a medical exigency as it causes lasting neurological harm, complications and even decease. ( WHO, 2008 ) Stroke is a life altering event that non merely affects the handicapped individual but besides their household and attention givers. Effective showing, rating and direction schemes for shot are good established in good developed states, but these schemes have non been to the full implemented in India. ( American Health Association, 2009 ) Stroke incidence and prevalence are indispensable for ciphering the load of disease and for be aftering the bar and intervention of shot patients. WHO estimates the figure of stroke events in some selected European states such as, Iceland, Norway, and Switzerland is likely to increase from 1.1A million per twelvemonth in 2000 to more than 1.5A million per twelvemonth in 2025 entirely because of the demographic alterations. ( Truelsen et al. , 2006 ) The prevalence rate of shot is higher among the Asians. In India it is about 250-300/10000 population per twelvemonth. The National Commission on Macro-economic and Health estimated that, in India the figure of shot rate will increases from 1,081,480 in 2000 to 1,667,372 in 2015. In 1998, the overall age adjusted prevalence rate for shot is estimated to lie between 84-262/100,000 population in rural and between 334-424/100,000 populations in urban countries. The Global Burden of Disease Study estimated that the one-year shot incidence of India will increase from 91/100,000 in 2015 to 98/100,000 in 2030. ( Ezzati et al 2004 ) It has been estimated that by 2021 the shot related disablement counts in 61 million, and 52 million of which would be in developing states. Harmonizing to recent surveies, 55 % to 70 % of shot subsisters become to the full independent by 1 twelvemonth and 7 % to 15.7 % remained wholly disabled. Among those who had speech disfunction, complete recovery was reported in 47 % of instances, and there was no betterment in 12 % . Dysarthria was commoner than dysphasia. Post Stroke ictus was observed in about 2 % of instances. ( Banerjee & A ; Das, 2008 ) In 2005, 400 to 800 shots per 100,000 populations in globally. 5.7 million Deaths and 15 million new acute shot instances are reported yearly. Globally, over the past four decennaries, the one-year age- standardised shot incidence rate has decreased by1.1 % in high income states but it has been increased by 5.3 % in low to middle income states. ( Feigin 2009 ) The mortality rate of shot is decreasing or stabilising in developed states. It was estimated in 2000 that, the shot accounted for 0.9-4.5 % of entire medical admittances and 9.2-30 % admittances in neurological wards. 12 % of all shots occur in people less than 40 old ages. Previous shot is the major ground for the shot in those who aged more than 65 old ages. It is estimated that 2 % decreases in overall shot mortality in India will ensue in 6.4 million fewer deceases over 10 twelvemonth period. ( Dalal et al. , 2007 ) There are chiefly two types of shot comprises ischaemic and haemorrhagic shot. Ischemic stroke histories for approximately 75 % of all shots which occurs due to thrombus that blocks or diminishes the blood flow to the portion of the encephalon. A haemorrhagic shot occurs when a blood vas on the encephalon surface ruptures and fills the infinite between the encephalon and skull with blood ( subarachnoid bleeding ) or when faulty arteria in the encephalon explosions and fills the environing tissue with blood ( intellectual bleeding ) . Both consequence in deficiency of blood flow to the encephalon and a buildup of blood that put excessively much of force per unit area on the encephalon. ( Swadron, 2010 ) The clinical effects of shot can be named based on the arteria involved. This includes infarct in the anterior intellectual arteria ( ACA ) , in-between intellectual arteria ( MCA ) , posterior intellectual arteria ( PCA ) and basilar/vertebral arteria. Middle intellectual arteria and basilar arteria are most frequently involved in shot. Entire Anterior Circulation Infarcts ( TACI ) had 100 % incidence of Dysphagia, followed by Partial Anterior Circulation Infarcts ( PACI-36 % ) , Posterior Circulation infarcts ( POCI-33 % ) , and Lacunar infarcts ( LACI-18 % ) . 67 % of bleedings had post-stroke Dysphagia. ( Sundar et al. , 2008 ) Dysphagia ( trouble in get downing ) is resulted if the shots occur in the in-between intellectual arteria or internal carotid arteria or vertebral or basilar arteria. Dysphagia can be seen in 65 % of the patients with shot. If non identified and managed it can take to hapless nutrition, pneumonia and increased disablement. Aspiration is the major job associated with Dysphagia. ( Stroke connexion magazine July/august 2003 ) Approximately 30 % of the patients who had one-sided shot have dysphagic symptoms and a similar per centum have been reported in encephalon hurt patients. It is estimated that between 29 and 50 % of acute shot subsisters are dysphagic. Early bedside appraisal of Dysphagia is indispensable to forestall aspiration hazard in shot patients. ( Smithard et al. , 2003 ) Asiatics were more likely to develop Dysphagia after shot. InA theA strokeA group, the adjusted odds ratio ( OR ) with 95 % assurance interval ( CI ) forA DysphagiaA was significantly higher for Asians than whitesA inA New York ( OR=1.64 ; 95 % CI, 1.50-1.79 ) and California ( OR=1.69 ; 95 % CI, 1.34-2.13 ) . The adjusted OR was somewhat but significantly higher for inkinesss than whitesA inA New York ( OR=1.15 ; 95 % CI, 1.03-1.28 ) . ( Fernandez et al. , 2008 ) The relentless dysphagia can take to malnutrition in the shot patients. The presence of malnutrition in station shot Dysphagia is runing high. The overall odds of being malnourished were higher among topics who were dysphagic compared with topics with integral get downing ( odds ratio: 2.425 ; 95 % assurance interval: 1.264-4.649, A P & lt ; 0.008 ) . ( Foley et al. , 2009 ) The higher incidence of Dysphagia increases the hazard of aspiration. In a prospective survey 60 patients were assessed clinically and underwent a bedside water-swallowing trial and videofluoroscopy within 72 hours of shot. Twenty-five patients ( 42 % ) were seen to draw out in the videofluoroscopy ; of these 20 % did non hold open Dysphagia as detected by a simple water-swallowing trial. Aspiration is most common in the early period following acute shot as a consequence of Dysphagia. ( Kidd et al. , 1993 ) Harmonizing to American Health Association ( 2006 ) , the primary bar of shot is of import because more than 70 % of shots are primary events. This includes behaviour alteration such as decreased smoke, intoxicant and salt ingestion forms, increasing fruits and vegetable ingestion and physical activity. ( Gupta et al, 2008 )Need FOR THE STUDYStroke is one of the prima causes of decease and disablement in the universe. Approximately 20 million people in each twelvemonth will endure from shot and 5 million of these will non be survive. Community surveys from many parts show rough prevalence rates for shot in the scope of 90-222 per 100,000 individuals. The Global Burden of Disease ( GBD ) Study, in 1990, reported 9.4 million deceases in India, of which 619,000 deceases were due to stroke, proposing a mortality rate of 73 per 100,000 individuals. The worldwide incidence has been quoted as 2 per 1000 population per twelvemonth, and about 4 per 1000 population in the people aged 45-84 old ages. The developing states histories for 85 % of planetary deceases from shot. With mention to the functional damages, 20 % of the people will necessitate institutional attention after 3 months and 15 to 30 % being for good disabled. ( Bhat et al. , 2007 ) Analysis of early deceases after shot is of import, as some deceases may be preventable. A survey on 1073 back-to-back shot patients showed 212 deceases within the first 30 yearss, leads to a mortality rate of 20 % . Early mortality after shot exhibits a bimodal distribution. One extremum occurs during the first hebdomad, and a 2nd during the 2nd and 3rd hebdomads. The high proportion of deceases in the first hebdomad is due to transtentorial herniation. After that, deceases are due to comparative stationariness ( pneumonia, pneumonic intercalation and sepsis ) predominate, striking towards the terminal of the 2nd hebdomad. ( Silver et al. , 1984 ) Dysphagia is common after shot. The appraisal of Dysphagia was made by utilizing standardised clinical methods in patients with acute shot. Dysphagia was more frequent in patients with haemorrhagic shot ( 31/63 vs. 110/343 ; P = 0.01 ) . In patients with ischaemic shot, the engagement of the arterial district of the entire in-between intellectual arteria was more often associated with Dysphagia ( 28.2 vs. 2.2 % ; p & lt ; 0.0001 ) . Multivariate analysis disclosed that shot mortality and disablement were independently associated with Dysphagia ( P & lt ; 0.0001 ) . The frequence of Dysphagia was comparatively high. Dysphagia assessed clinically was a important variable foretelling decease and disablement at 90 yearss. ( Paciaroni et al. , 2004 ) In acute ischaemic stroke the Dysphagia occurred within 48 hours after the oncoming of the first symptoms. After exigency infirmary admittance, three patients underwent neurological clinical rating and clinical appraisal of get downing. One of the patients presented functional swallowing, while the other two had mild and moderate oropharyngeal Dysphagia. The findings substantiate the literature informations sing the badness of the neurological status and the manifestation of Dysphagia. ( Favero et al. , 2011 ) Dysphagia and hapless nutritionary position occur often after shot. On clinical scrutiny 52.6 % of survey patients ‘ demonstrated Dysphagia and 26.3 % were identified with hapless nutritionary position. Dysphagia, based on clinical appraisal, was associated with shot badness ( National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, OR 4.6, 95 % CI 1.6-13.1 ; modified Rankin Scale, OR 12.3, 95 % CI 3.2-47.4 ) and with functional unwritten consumption ( OR 29.2, 95 % CI 8.4-101.8 ) , but non with steps of nutritionary position ( Mini Nutritional Assessment, OR 1.0, 95 % CI 0.4-2.8 ) . Nutritional steps did non correlate with swallowing or shot badness steps. It confirms that dysphagia and hapless nutritionary position are prevalent in patients with acute ischaemic shot. ( Crary et al. , 2006 ) A population based long term follow up survey was conducted to find the Dysphagia nowadays in the first hebdomad of acute shot associated with long term result. Dysphagia was assessed within 1 hebdomad in the shot patients and they were followed up annually at 3 months for 5 old ages. And they found that the presence of Dysphagia during the acute stage of shot associated with hapless result during the undermentioned old ages, particularly at 3 months. The survey related the dysphagia with increased institutionalization rate. ( Smithard et al. , 1997 ) An experimental prospective survey on 87 patients admitted with acute shot in the University infirmary of South Manchester to happen out the relationship between the side of shot and the presence of aspiration on videofluoroscopy. They undertook the patients for encephalon CT scanning and repeated videofluoroscopy. The survey concluded that the go oning aspiration might be related to the side of intellectual lesion. ( O'Neill, 2000 ) A survey conducted to happen out the incidence of Dysphagia in shot patients who were admitted in neuro rehabilitation unit. The survey compared the clinical bedside appraisal and videofluoroscopy to specify any correlativity between Dysphagia and clinical features of the patients. They enrolled both ischaemic and haemorrhagic shot. They concluded that Dysphagia is seen in one tierce of the shot patients who admitted in nuero rehabilitation unit. The class of Dysphagia correlated with the dysarthria, aphasia, low FIM and degree of cognitive operation. They found that the big cortical shots of non dominant side were associated with Dysphagia. ( Caterina 2009 ) A prospective survey in 121 patients utilizing standardised bedside appraisal and videofluoroscopic scrutiny was done to foretell the relationship between Dysphagia with the result and complications after shot. The presence of aspiration, mortality, functional result, length of stay, topographic point of discharge, happening of chest infection, nutritionary position and hydration were the chief result steps. It was found that the unnatural sup on appraisal had a higher hazard of aspiration and hapless nutritionary position. The presence of Dysphagia was associated with an increased hazard of decease, disablement, length of infirmary stay and institutional attention. ( Morris, 2000 ) Assorted get downing techniques have consequence on the nutritionary result of the shot patients. The interventions such as unwritten motor exercising, different get downing techniques, placement, and diet alteration aid to better the nutritionary form depend on the patient status. About 38 shot patients between 53 to 89 old ages of age with subjective ailments of Dysphagia and oral/pharyngeal disfunction were underwent swallowing intervention. The consequence revealed that the betterment in get downing map was associated with betterment in nutritionary parametric quantities. ( Elmstahl et al.,1999 ) Exercise based Dysphagia therapy can better the functional and physiological alterations in get downing public presentation of the grownup with chronic Dysphagia. After 3 hebdomads of intense exercising based Dysphagia therapy swallowing was improved. Physiological alterations after therapy imply an improved neuromuscular operation within the swallow mechanism. ( Carnaby et al. , 2012 ) The progressive linguistic exercising plan helps to better the swallowing map. A prospective cohort interventional survey suggested that the linguistic exercising plan helps to better the swallowing in patients with linguistic failing and get downing disablement. ( Robbins et al. , 2007 ) The clinical poster of the research worker leads to detect the shot patients. Investigator observed that one tierce of the patients who are holding shot developed get downing and feeding troubles which later result in aspiration pneumonia and add hazard to their life. All of them require dietetic alteration and half of them in demand of nasogastric or gastrostomy tubing for feeding support. This affect the nutritionary position and increase the length of infirmary stay and later affect the patient ‘s quality of life. This induce an involvement in the research worker over the peculiar country, â€Å" Post Stroke Dysphagia † . It gives a strong thrust to seek for the direction of Dysphagia in Post Stroke patients from diaries and besides from the life experience in the wards.STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMEffectiveness of Selected Nursing Interventions on Swallowing and Feeding Performance among patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia at KMCH, Coimbatore-14AimThe aims of the survey a re to, Assess the Swallowing and Feeding Performance of patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia. Determine the effectivity of Selected Nursing Interventions on Swallowing and Feeding Performance in patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia. Associate the Swallowing and Feeding Performance with selected demographic and clinical variables.OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONSPOST STROKE DYSPHAGIA It refers to the trouble in get downing irrespective of the country of encephalon harm, ischaemic or haemorrhagic shots among the station shot patients. SWALLOWING Performance It refers to the ability of station shot dysphagic patients to get down, which is assessed by utilizing Gugging Swallowing Screen ( GUSS ) graduated table and the patients are graded as mild, moderate, terrible and no dysphagic based on the mark obtained. Eating Performance Feeding public presentation implies the capableness of the station stroke dysphagic patients to go through the liquids, semisolids and solid nutrients from the oral cavity to the throat, and so into the tummy and it can be assessed by the Functional Oral Intake Scale ( FOIS ) to categorise the patients as either tubing dependant or entire unwritten consumption. SELECTED Nursing INTERVENTIONS Selected nursing intercessions refer to the nursing activities which include get downing exercisings such as Shaker exercising and Hyoid lift manoeuvre and Positioning during the swallowing to better the swallowing and feeding public presentation of the patients with station shot dysphagia.Hypothesis:H1: There is a important difference in the Swallowing and Feeding Performance before and after the execution of Selected Nursing Interventions in Post Stroke Patients with dysphagia.Premise:Patients with cerebrovascular accident suffer with changing grade of Dysphagia. Swallowing exercisings strengthen the swallowing musculuss.