Totalitarian Society As Showed Essay -- essays research papers

Totaliterainism found in tool FarmGeorge Orwells story, Animal Farm, is a satire of Soviet Russia. In a more general sense, however, the story traces the rise and magnetic dip of any totalitarian regime. All of the animals on Animal Farm someways contri only ife to either the creation, destruction, or temporary success of the totalitarian government. The maestro goal of the Animal Farm society is a socialist society, but it turns bad.As the animals begin the Animal Farm society, e trulyone is equal. As time passes, it is effected that of all the animals, the pigs be the smartest. This is slowly the beginning of Animal Farm abject froma socialistic socoety to a totalitarian society. Snowball and Napolean are two pigs who are constantly arguing over issues they compete for power. Snowball is a dear speaker and can easily persuade people, whereas Napolean is not a very good speaker. Napolean was jealous of Snowball, and he was power hungry. One day, he had his night club enourm ouis dogs chase Snowball off the farm. Now Napolean was in complete control, and he made it seem like he was putting a stroke on himself by doing so. Squealer was sent around and said, I confide that every animal here appreciates the sacrifice that Comrade Napolean has made in taking this extra labor upon himself. Do not imagine, comrades, that leadership is a pleasure (69) It was here that the shift to totalitarianism became rapid.Aside from the pigs and dogs on Animal Farm, the other animals were not that smart....

Plea-Bargains: Currency of the Courts An Examination of the Effectivene

Rahim Jaffer issue heads for plea-bargain former Alberta MP Rahim Jaffer was be charged on cocaine possession and drunk-driving charges his case was likely to be end with a plea-bargain agreement (Makin, 2010). This is but one case of many that ar settled though a plea-bargain agreement. supplication-bargaining hindquarters take the form of a sentence reduction, a withdrawal or stay of other charges, or, a promise not proceed on other charges, in exchange for a guilty plea by an accused. During discussion of a electric potential plea bargain agreement, the Crown attorney and defence lawyer will look at 4 straightforward sections of a plea negotiation charge discussions, sentence discussions, procedural discussions, and agreements as to the facts of the offence and the narrowing of issues in order to expedite the trial (Plea bargaining, 2011). According to the Department of Justice, approximately 90% of criminal cases are resolved each year by use of plea-bargaining (Findla w, 2012). Despite what appears on its hardiness to be rampant use of the plea agreement, plea negotiations are incredibly helpful to our court system. First, plea agreements serve to diminish the overload of cases and nullify lengthy trials, thus avoiding appeals of trial decisions and allowing greater access to the justice system. In turn, a less burdened court system can centralise its efforts on the most serious of criminal offences thereby ensuring that such cases are handled in the manner with the greatest likelihood of securing a conviction. Overall, this judicial cleverness results in a cost savings and better allocation of resources. This subject will explore these two main benefits and also discuss potential criticisms of the plea bargain system.Plea-Bargaining has become... ..., 2012, from http//www.justice.gc.ca/eng/pi/icg-gci/pb4-rpc4.htmlPlea bargaining. (2011, February 28). Retrieved from http//www.victimsofviolence.on.ca/rev2/index.php?option=com_content&ta sk= receive&id=378&Itemid=197Plea bargaining in canada. (2011). Retrieved from http//www.justice.gc.ca/eng/pi/rs/rep-rap/2002/rr02_5/p3.htmlRomaniuk, T. (n.d.). Centre for Constitutional Studies - R. v. Askov.Faculty of constabulary Home - University of Alberta. Retrieved April 19, 2012, from http//www.law.ualberta.ca/centres/ccs/rulings/AskTappscott. (2012). street directory. Retrieved from http//www.streetdirectory.com/travel_guide/14026/legal_matters/plea_bargaining_pros_and_cons.htmlYoung, R. (2011, November 16). Cutbacks have some courts dismissing criminal cases. here(predicate) & Noe. Retrieved April 19, 2012, from http//www.hereandnow.wbur.org/2011/11/16/budget-cuts-court

Aristotle and the Realm of Ethics

An mental test of the Nichomacean Ethics is a task that contains the dichotomy of examining Aristotles simple, basic definitions along with the great complexity that is present in the underlying meaning asshole the simplicity.Aristotle believed the ultimate goal of a humans being was (is) to seek mirth and that notwithstanding a stark(a) soulfulness rear end truly carry through happiness. The acceptance of these notions centers on the perception of the definitions of virtue and happiness. In Aristotles words, We are now in a position to define the golden man as wizard who is tourive in accordance with perpetrate virtue. In other words, happiness without ethics is a near impossibility..Eudemonia is a particularly complex situation when trying to understand the importance of it in regards to ethics because eudemonia generally refers to happiness or pleasance. Unfortunately, as the history of human behavior has shown, there depart be those individuals who derive their happ iness from actions that can be aboutwhat harmful to people. This type of behavior is, essentially, a pleasure principle based on perversion as opposed to one that is based on ethical behavior.So, it becomes important to separate Eudemonia from perversion or anti-social behavior in because, ultimately, mend there may be some pleasure present in such conduct, this does not lead to boilersuit happiness because there might exist a situation where such behavior leads a person down a road of a damaged life. Drugs may bring happiness, entirely this exit exist only for the short term. Ultimately, they will lead to a damaged life that is nonexistent of happiness. As such, the happiness that Eudemoniarepresents must not be transitional happiness, but happiness that is everlasting. In order to achieve this, the happiness must be based on ethical approaches to the pursuit of happiness.Ultimately, virtue breeds ethics and a disposition that is virtuous will further perpetuate ethical behav ior. The flat coat for this is simple a person who acts with purity can not act unethically as a lack of ethics and a preponderance of virtue are, essentially, mutually exclusive. A disposition of virtue will, in effect, start out any unethical or immoral behavior.Now, a virtuous person can also be a person who is predominate with internal conflict. To seek happiness does not mean that the person will achieve happiness no matter how hard he or she tries. Often, there will be conflicted internal struggles that pit virtue, honesty and the full life against the frailties of the human psyche and soul. This internal conflict often will eat away at the ability to achieve happiness. However, if a person lives a life that is ethical, a great mass of conflict and try on will be removed from a persons life. This, in turn, will allow the person a semblance of happiness or, at the very least, a lessoning of conflicting tensions that prey on the mind.Prescribing to a equalizer of ethics and happiness hinge on the need for virtuous actions and, while this is not possible all the time, it is possible a great deal of the time and can be achieved if an individual concentrates on it enough. This is a centre of attention tenant of Aristotles principles of ethics, ethical behavior and virtue.           

Organising people to achieve objectives Essay

Organising people to strive objectivesWithin our comp each of facilities management, most of the day to day running is found around organising and delegating tasks to our supply chain. This takes a lot of different considerations as to who we send the tasks to. All of our suppliers argon vetted thoroughly through our system in the beginning any works can be issued to them. Not only do they move over to incur the undeniable legal in embodimentation available i.e. insurances etc. but we too excite to vet their engineers. We break to crack they are wholly CRB check. (Criminal Records Bureau) However, there is also other elements of information we require from them to serve well us within day to day running. Suppliers have to discover within their initial registration what arenas they are able to f altogether into place showing that they have engineers with the associated skill sets, qualifications etc.They also have to identify which regions within the rural area they have coverage for. Once the suppliers have completed their registration form (Please see physical exercise attached in appendix) it is sent to a handler for approval. Once approved, the supplier pass on be set up on our system. We as a company thus have to tell that all of the help desk stave know exactly what suppliers are on our books, what disciplines they cover and what areas in the country they cover. A client pull up stakes send a task through to the helpdesk. This can be via phone, email or portal. A helpdesk member of staff is then expected to ascertain what discipline the task should be logged under and also decide what priority the trade should go on. Once this is complete, they then have to send the task to a supplier. This is where the information from the suppliers registration shows its importance.The helpdesk member would have identified, when logging the task, what the discipline is and what region the site is in. They can then imbue through the suppliers to see which is most capable of completing the work satisfactory. because it is extremely beta that we make trenchant and efficient use of the registrations, to visit we build up the task complete effectively through organising and delegating to the suppliers. cardinal technique used to schedule and allocate work to suppliers is our PPM planner. (Planned preventative tending programme) This planner is set up for ein truth client to ensure that any assets within the buildings that we look after are registered and maintained on a schedule. This includes configuration items. (Please see example attached in the appendix) When planning these works, we have to identify which supplier is appropriate to be assigned to carry reveal the works. For example if we are planning in an annual fire fire extinguisher test, we call for to ensure we use a supplier who has demonstrated that they have engineers qualified to complete this test providing a compliance certificate where appropriat e. This will apply across all disciplines within the planner. Human resources play a very important role within the company.They assure output and quality. They ensure that our any staffs put forward to be a potential candidate appears capable for the position following their curriculum Vitae. They will then identify training and development needs with the staff in the company. Later they will help to conduct appraisals and reviews. Human resources are able to work with KPI carrying into action within the staff. However, our HR will offer incentives too. Hr will ensure that we have key staff members capable of doing the positions above them. The reason this is important is if a staff member left who was highly dependable upon, we need someone who is capable of slipping in there to cover and so not to leave us exposed. At the same time, this shows that member of staff good promotion aspirations. Human resources are also responsible for protect the company legally. Ensure that we ar e all up to date with compliance and legislation. However, it is important to remember that HR are there to backup the employees as well as the company. Delegating to achieve objectivesAfter supplying the training, belatedly I delegated the responsibility of a particular task to one of the helpdesk members. I emailed through the facelift insurance reports for a clients estate of 127 buildings. I asked the staff member to take the responsibility of thoroughly reading through the entire reports identifying any defects that have been highlighted. I then instructed the staff member to upload these documents to the assigned buildings. I then instructed them to conjure up the defects from the report and log them on the system assigning them to the lift supplier. At this time, I also attempted to empower this member of staff by rationaliseing that this will be their responsibility from now on. I went on to explain that by reading these reports, she would learn to understand a bit roughly lifts and therefore would be able to assist account managers on lift project works.There are sometimes barriers to delegating within my organisation. unity of the most common barriers I personally face is a self-imposed obstacle of it is quicker and easier to do things myself this obviously can also be deemed as I do not completely trust my employees to get the job done to the expectation. However, we do have many mechanisms to support delegation within our workplace. Our suppliers are required to sign a consume and SLA (Service level agreement) during the stage of registration. This supports our delegation, expectation to suppliers. To monitor the outcome of this, we conduct avower/supplier reviews quarterly. We will discuss their SLAs and KPIs (Key performance indicator) at this meeting and if necessary, provide support to achieve their best. We also use a similar method for our staff members in the office.They are obviously presented with a contract which includes the ir job role expectations before the commencement of work. We conduct 6 monthly appraisals with staff to monitor their work. Feedback, recognition and reward techniques are all extremely effective within our workplace. When receiving feedback, normally it is generally very adjuvant and supported. We will always use good feedback and attempt to elaborate on it and action. Negative feedback can always be very useful also as it gives us areas to improve. We always try to give recognition to our employees where necessary as we have a good history of proving that this is a very good motivational technique. Obviously by motivating the staff, we are much likely to get their best performance. This motivation also is apparent when victimization reward techniques. Reward techniques can be a variety of things for example promotion, new responsibilities, financial rewards etc. All of these prove very effective within the workplace.

Determination of Dissolved Oxygen In a Water Essay

INTRODUCTIONIn an alkaline antecedent, dissolved oxygen pull up stakes oxidize manganese(II) to the trivalent state. 8OH-(aq) + 4Mn2+(aq) + 2H2O(l) 4Mn(OH)3(s)The analysis is completed by titrating the iodine produced from jet iodide by manganese(III) hydroxide. 2Mn(OH)3(s) + 2I-(aq) + 6 H+(aq) 2Mn2+(aq) + I2(aq) + 6H2O(l) Sodium thiosulphate is utilise as the titrant. succeeder of the method is critically dependent upon the manner in which the sample is manipulated. At all stages, every method must be made to fasten that oxygen is neither introduced to nor lost from the sample. Furthermore, the sample must be unaffectionate of any solutes that will oxidize iodide or reduce iodine.Chemicals Manganese(II) sulphate dissolver disposed(p) by dissolving 48 g of MnSO4.4H2O in water system to v 100 cm3 solution alkaline potassium iodide solutionprepared by dissolving 15 g of KI in astir(predicate) 25 cm3 of water, adding 66 cm3 of 50% NaOH, and diluting to 100 cm3 concentrated s ulphuriv(VI) savage 0.0125 M sodium thiosulphate solution starch solution (freshly prepared).Apparatus 250 cm3 volumetric flaskful, 250 cm3 cone-shaped flask, measuring cylinders, titration apparatus, magnetic stirrerProcedure1.Use a 250 cm3 volumetric flask to collect water sample. Fill the flask completely with water without lodging any air bubbles. 2.Add 1 cm3 of manganese(II) sulphate solution to the sample utilise a pipette. Discharge the solution well below the surface (some run out will occur). 3.Similarity introduce 1 cm3 of alkaline potassium iodide solution. Be true that no air becomes entrapped. Invert the bottle to distribute the go down uniformly. Hazard precedent Care should be taken to avoid exposure to any overflow, as the solution is quite alkaline. 4.When the precipitate has settled at least 3 cm below the stopper, introduce 1 cm3 of concentrated sulphuric acid well below the surface. Replace the stopper and carefully mix until the precipitate disappear s. A magnetic stirrer is helpful here. 5.Allow the mixture to stand for 5 minutes and then pull 100cm3 of the acidified sample into a 250 cm3 conical flask. 6.Titrate with 0.0125M sodium thiosulphate until the iodine colour becomes faint. Then add 1 cm3 of starch solution and continue adding the thiosulphate solution until the blue colour disappears. 7.Record the volume of thiosulphate solution used and calculate the dissolved oxygen content in the sample in mg dm-3. Remarks1.If the water sample has a low DO value, it is recommended to withdraw 200 cm3 of the acidified sample into a 500 cm3 flask for the titration describe in step 5. 2.This experiment can be further developed into a project to study the extent of water pollution. (a)The water sample chthonic investigation is divided into two portions. One portion of the sample is immediately analysed for dissolving oxygen using the Winkler method. The other portion is stored in the blue(a) for five days. (b)Repeat the analysis w ith the water sample that has been stored in the dark for five days. The difference between the two measurements is the five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), calculated in mg dm-3.

Deception in the Investigative, Interrogative, and Testimonial Processes

prevarication in the Investigative, Interrogative, and Testimonial Processes Lisa Moore University of Phoenix ethics in justice and Security CJA 530 jar against 23, 2010 Roger Long J. D. Deception in the Investigative, Interrogative, and Testimonial Processes The term double-dealing center the deliberate act of tawdry an individual some may refer to deception as s undersurfacet(p) white rests. Deception has long been used in the criminal nicety bea by incumbents in the detecting process of criminal cases, and is ane of the well-nigh commonly used alsols in the investigatory process.Investigators use deception in the detecting process. This involves misleading criminals during the investigative and interrogative stages, to gather large information about the crime that only the fly-by-night would know to soupcon the funny, and w presentfore present the case to the court. There are three stages of deception, the investigation, then interrogation, and finally the testimonial. Hard and fast rules limiting law of nature conduct may challenge common sense, while the absence of such rules may gather up arbitrary and abusive conduct.This paper discusses one of the most troubling and effortful read/write heads pertaining to the ideal of legality To what extent, if at all, is it proper for law enforcement officials to employ dissimulation and deceit as part of their law enforcement practices (White, 1979)? Whatever the answer to that question if, indeed, an answer be formulated it has to be measured against a badly reality of the criminal justice body. That reality is Deception is considered by guardand courts as wellto be as natural to detecting as pouncing is to a cat (Skolnick, 1975).Deception is generally allowed during the investigative stage of detection, as it is to the courts but is less tolerated during interrogation and rarely suitable or authoritative during court proceedings. Here, natural law are permitted by the courts to en gage in craftiness and deception and are trained to do so by the police organization. The line betwixt acceptable and unacceptable deception is the line between so-called entrapment and acceptable police conduct (Chevigny, 1969). Within an adversary trunk of criminal justice, governed by due process rules for obtaining endorse, officers leave deceive suspect to get the integrity.The contradiction may be surprising, but it may be inevitable in an adversary system of justice where police embrace procedural due process norms and legal requirements as inconsistent obstacles to truth for the commission of crime (Skolnick, 1982). Deceptive interrogation strategies present intriguing good questions. While brutal or otherwise physically coercive means are no longer commonly used by police officers to obtain confessions, officers regularly use deception as an interrogation strategy.During interrogations officers will use psychological persuasion and compositionipulation. Officers ar e authorized to trick and lie to get a so called voluntary confession. The use of deception in interrogation is a simple routine in almost every law enforcement agency and it remains routine because it is effective When the suspect is lecture with police, deception frequently breaks the suspect down and elicits confession (Obenberger, 1998). Although these tactics substantiate been criticized by the United States Supreme salute (Miranda v.Arizona) nevertheless the Supreme Court has never squarely banned the practice, and it sometimes justifies deceptive practices under the chance on strategic deception. Miranda forbids coercion in questioning a suspect it does non bar (Obenberger, 1998) mere strategic deception by taking expediency of a suspects misplaced trust in one he supposes to be a fellow inmate. To better understand how deception works here is an example A burglary is being investigated at a local fund. During an interview of the suspect, he is told that there is a vi deo recording of him inside of the store taking a car stereo and shoving it into his pants.The suspect tells the investigator that non only did he make it out of the store with the stereo he also tells him that he entered the store with the intent to take it in the commencement place making the crime felony. What the investigator did non tell the suspect was that the video only showed him concealing the stereo and null else (Obenberger, 2008). Testimonials during court hearings are performed under oath, hence the statements of an individual being examined are assumed to be true and no other statement should be falsified or forged.When the officer does not pronounce the truth in court, he or she is so far capable of providing a reason for his deception, based on a metamorphose arrangement, such as when he or she is operating as a witness to the prosecution and is not considered as the defendant in a court case. However, it is also required that the officer is conscious of the r ules of the court system that he or she has sworn to tell the truth during examination (Chevigny , 1969). It is unenviable to prove a causal relationship between permissible investigative and interrogatory deception and testimonial deception. constabulary freely admit to deceiving suspects and defendants. They do not admit to perjury, much less to the rationalization of perjury. There is inference, barely of the acceptability of perjury as a means to the end of conviction. The evidence is limited and fragmentary and is certainly not dispositive (Skolnick, 1982). Deception is nothing much than planting a seed and letting the suspect fill in the blanks. The most important part of development this technique is that in using it, you do not elicit a confession from an innocent person. star of the greatest examples of deception is Rhode Island v. Innis, 446 U. S. 291(1980). In January of 1975, a taxi driver was calamus and killed by a shot ordnance blast at the base of his head. vir tuoso week later, another taxi driver reported that a man wielding a shotgun had robbed him. legal philosophy prepared a photo bill of fare of the possible suspect and the second taxi driver identified him. A patrol officer located the suspect later in the morning. minutes later, a Sergeant arrived at the scene of the arrest and read the suspect his rights per Miranda.The suspect invoked his rights by saying I want to speak with a lawyer (Obenberger, 2008). The sergeant detailed three officers to transport the suspect to the central station. After leaving the scene, the officers started talk of the town amongst themselves about being worried that the miss shotgun was in the vicinity of a school for handicapped children and that they should detain to search for the weapon. It was also said by one of the officers, It would be too bad if a little girl would pick up the gun and maybe kill herself. The suspect told the officers that they should turn the car around and he would show them where the gun was. When they arrived back at the scene, the sergeant again hash out the suspect of his rights per Miranda. The suspect showed the officers where the shotgun was (Mike, 2008). There was a hearing in order to suppress the shotgun. The suspects attorney said that because the officers were talking in the presence of the suspect, and that he was in custody, the officers colloquy amounted to an interrogation.The court found that it was not an interrogation and the shotgun was allowed. The suspect was later convicted of murder and the case was appealed. The Supreme Court found that the suspect was not interrogated within the meaning of Miranda. It was undisputed that the first prong of the definition of interrogation was not satisfied, for the converse between the patrolmen included no express questioning of the suspect. Rather, the conversation was, at least in form, nothing more than a dialog between the officers to which no response from the suspect was invite d.This matter could seduce been argued either way. Some would say that the conversation between the officers was intended to reach into the scruples of the suspect in order to get him to tell where the weapon was (Obenberger, 2008). Deception is incredibly effective on the criminal because this form of interview can actually reach into the conscience of a suspect because they still have a sense of what is right and wrong. This method also allows the investigator to peril the motivation behind the crime.The courts, while not necessarily supporting deception, do not inhibit it either. It is a very valuable tool (Mike, 2008). The invalidating side of deception is that when pitted against a suspect who isnt responding, the investigator might be inclined to go further and further with the method until such a point when getting the confession or evidence becomes more important than how it is obtained. Again, thats where the line between legality and illegality exists. The most impor tant aspect of using deception in an interview or interrogation is to be honest on the witness stand.There is nothing wrong with deception during an interview of a suspect but when it comes to testifying in court, tell the truth (Mike, 2008). References Chevigny, Paul (1969) Police Power New York Pantheon p. 139 Retrieved March 21, 2010 Mike (2008)Simply A Night OwlRetrieved March 21, 2010 from http//stillanightowl. wordpress. com Obenberger, J. D. (1998) Police Deception The Law and the Skin Trade in the Windy urban center Retrieved March 21, 2010 from http//www. madmuse. comObenberger, J. D. (2008) Deception in the Investigation of Crime- Deception Retrieved March 21, 201 Skolnick, Jerome (1975) Justice without Trial 2nd ed. New York Wiley &038 Sons, p. 177 Retrieved March 21, 2010 Skolnick, J. (1982,Summer/Fall) Deception by Police Criminal Justice Ethics, Vol. 1 (No. 2) Retrieved March 21, 2010 from http//www. lib. jjay. cuny. edu White, Welsh S. (1979) Police Trickery in Induc ing Confessions, U. Pa. L. Rev. 127 (1979) 581-629 Retrieved March 21, 2010

Cost Accounting and Management Decisions Essay

If you atomic number 18 using the Blackboard Mobile Learn iOS App, revel click View in Browser domestic dog the link preceding(prenominal) to submit your assignment.Students, please view the Submit a Clickable Rubric concession in the Student Center. instructors, training on how to grade is within the Instructor Center. Assignment 1 Cost Accounting and Management DecisionsDue hebdomad 8 and worth 240 pointsConduct research on a U.S. manufacturing partnership that produces two (2) or more products. Write a five to sixsome (5-6) rascal paper in which you1. Describe the company researched, indicating the primary products manufactured. 2. get a line the effect of changes in the variable cost / fixed cost structure of the company on cost- volume analysis decisions by managers. 3. crumble the legitimate cost constitution used by the company to determine manufacturing be and examine the benefits of using an activity-based cost system over the traditional system for management decisions. 4. Compare the companys gross revenue and cost of sales forecast to the actual sales and costs of sales in the live financial statement. Evaluate strategies management can implement in chemical reaction to changing conditions affecting budgetary planning and forecasting. 5. Use at to the lowest degree three (3) quality resources in this assignment. Note Wikipedia and similar Websites do non qualify as quality resources. Your assignment must follow these arrange requirements1. Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman shell (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your prof for any additional instructions. 2. Include a cover page containing the human action of the assignment, the students name, the professors name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the  necessary assignment page length. The specific course learning out comes associated with this assignment are 3. Examine the assumptions of cost-volume-profit analysis.4. Discuss the allocation of costs to divisions, plants, departments, contracts, and products. 5. Analyze activity-based costing and activity-based management. 6. Analyze the advantage of budgeting, the preparation of a master budget, and other forms of planning. 7. Use technology and information resources to research issues in cost accounting. 8. Write clearly and curtly about cost accounting using proper writing mechanics. Click here to view the grading rubric.

Leaders and Innovation

The cater members that are having knowledge depend a sess on the leaders of the organizations. It is important that the leader makes an attempt to innovate quite a than orders his/her cater members to do so. The leader should be able to lead his/her rung by example. He/she should also be able to create an milieu existent in the organization that is conducive for innovation.An attitude or severe farmth should be formed. This would not only permit the organization to obtain its objectives, but also enable the staff members to do so. Once the staff members are able to achieve their objects, they would be motivated to bewilder and grow father, and the best instrument to develop and grow would be innovation. The leader of the team up should ensure that there is free-flow of ideas in the team, and the communications links between the members of the team are strong and effective.The leader should also be able to develop a strategy, structures and functions within the organization that would enable innovation. A incarnate assimilation (which includes norms, assumptions, values and attitudes, shared by the staff that function in the organization) should be created that would cooperate in the innovation development.Many of the leaders in the corporate sector suggest that it is utmost important for the leader to motivate his staff members using various methods, so that innovation is possible. The leader would have to study research to determine the means by which the staff embers would get motivated. He/she should then use these means to encourage the staff members to innovate boost (Kotelnikov, 2007).In some(prenominal) branches of science, disceptation follows innovation, and threatens to affect the social structures present in the organization. Various parties may come up with their own assumptions with a bare-assed technology brought out by an organization. This may be a theater of debate in the field. This should be considered as an opportunity t o provide answers to several difficult minds. Several others who consider that they are experts in that field would question any new technology brought about by recent research.A strong communication link should be existent between various intellectuals of the field so that unanswered questions are effectively addressed. This would certainly help to advance the field and provide benefits for mankind. It is important that in any arguing situation, the roots of the conflict be recognized and addressed properly. However, if these issues are not understood and addressed (and if not taken in the right spirit), the controversy could worsen, which would have a negative impact on the organization, the particular scientific field and ultimately on the society (Baldwin, 2007).ReferencesBaldwin, D. V. (2007). Innovation, Controversy, and Consensus in Traumatology, Retrieved on November 3, 2007, from Trauma Pages Web site http//www.trauma-pages.com/s/dvb-96a.phpKotelnikov, V. (2007). Corporat e Culture Defined, Retrieved on November 3, 2007, from 1000 Advices Web site http//www.1000ventures.com/business_guide/innovation_system_culture.htmlKotelnikov, V. (2007). Leading With a Growth Attitude, Retrieved on November 3, 2007, from 1000 Advices Web site http//www.1000ventures.com/business_guide/im_leadership.htmlKotelnikov, V. (2007). Understanding the Innovation System Unlocking the swarthy Box, Retrieved on November 3, 2007, from 1000 Advices Web site http//www.1000ventures.com/business_guide/innovation_system.html        

Planning to Meet the Needs of Learners in Education and Training Essay

Initial and diagnostic assessment involves the make for used by trainers to get to know the pupils and qualification a honor adapted relationship with them. Gravells and Simpson (2010) provided that the initial assessment occurs when pupils are introduced to new encyclopaedism programs. It is a comprehensive orgasm whereby the trainer and the learner begin to cause a picture of their achievements, interests and skills. The learners also build up their larn experiences and inescapably correlate with their goals. The diagnostic assessment hangs in identifying specific learnedness needs and strengths. It evaluates the learnedness targets of students and suit qualified pedagogics and development strategies intrinsic in achieving the set goals (Gravells & adenine Simpson 2010).As an educator, it is shrill to initially diagnose and assess the individual learning goals of each and every learner in order to be able to map their future progression. It is essential to analys e their skills and achievements, and correlate them with their intended targets. Carrying by this analysis will enable the trainer to understand the task forward and how to meet each learners requirement.Explain how your own homework meets the individual needs of learnersAs a trainer, relating to real life portion and situations is one of the simplest means of making learning more accessible to both(prenominal) the learners and trainers. This context provides a more perceptive framework for learners skills and enhances additive learning ( flyspeck 2009). Besides, allowing the learners to review the literature of the taught causes enables them keep the information fresh in their minds. This promotes additional learning in the fact that the learners improve their ability to maintain currents skills and create new skills.Planning it provides an opportunity for the implementation of curricula reforms in light of the kinetics and the characteristics present within a group of stud ents, finally resulting to an enhanced learning experience. Educators should plan various strategies depending on the learning environment and the nature of the study. Students adopting this approach not only focus on the literal aspects of learning moreover also on the underlying concepts, and their main interest is the task at hand. They further seek integration to widen their understanding of a subject across disciplines.Explain ways in which teaching and learning plans cigarette be adapted to meet the individual needs of learnersMost classrooms inhabit of diverse learners with a wide range of needs, which the trainers redeem to consider piece of music planning, teaching and assessing their students. The most effective teaching and learning plans must have clearly stated objectives that the learners should learn. Gravells and Simpson (2010) explained that teaching and learning plans consist of an introduction to the lessons, the skirmish of learners in learning activit ies that enable them understand the content of the lesson, and the opportunities for learners to participate in providing the feedbacks on the lesson learned. Hence, it is paramount for a trainer to know the strengths of every learner, and how they trick be assisted to develop their talents, skills and knowledge. While designing teaching and learning plans, it is also important for any trainer to consider the specific learning needs of all the learners (Petty 2009).Differentiated instruction is another way to be adapted to meet learners needs. Learners are different, and they do not learn in the same ways. With trainers teaching and learning plans in mind, it is essential to know how the students learn and create a design instruction which accounts for the different types of learners (Gravells & ampere Simpson 2010). The trainer has to assess the current knowledge of students on the outcomes, and he or she is likely to evaluate that learners have diverse skills on the think learni ng outcomes. Petty (2009) stated that the trainer should also present teaching in different instructional experiences. This rear end be achieved by making small group of learners and providing them with assignments and projects.Identify Opportunitites for Learners to Provide Feedback to Inform Inclusive blueprintAllowing self assessment enables the learners to provide feedback on their learning and development. According to Petty (2009), self-assessment outlines major areas that need improvements and enhances knowledge and skills among the learners. Inclusive learning provides individual needs of the learners therefore allowing the trainer to develop lesson and activities associated with learners needs. Learners feedback is more structural than trainers feedback because it only focuses on negative aspects of learning outcomes (Gravells & Simpson 2010). Peer assessment also provides positive effects towards the development of learner cohorts and inclusive learning practice. In relation to the proximal learning theory, learners addition knowledge for each other and this is one of the productive ways of learner feedback.Group discussions are very essential in a classroom setting because they not only improve student-student interaction, but also they assist the teacher in evaluation the aim of knowledge acquire. This can be very useful in inclusive practice feedback. The teacher is able to assess the students as they discuss. Also, use of feedback evaluation forms, call into question and answer discussions also provide ample opportunities for providing inclusive practice feedback. take ways in which minimum centerfield elements can be demonstrate in planning inclusive teaching and learningAs a tutor, every lesson plan distributed should incorporate all the necessary minimum core elements. In most cases, deployment of numeracy proves an intricate aspect while planning to function the lesson plans. It is an intricate issue particularly when dealing with art subjects but it can fit when students are deploying the laser cutter, which demands exceptional measurements practice. When considering compose assignments learners should be wedded word count papers. Thus, they comprise of both English and numeracy subjects. Well, it is quite imperative to constrict in minimum core as much as possible during lessons. Normally, embedded learning and teaching coalesces the development of language, numeracy, and literacy with vocational skills (Keeley-Browne, 2014). The acquired skills provide students with necessary motivation and confidence sufficient to guarantee students excellent qualifications both in their career and in life.In lesson planning, a selection of the following(a) ways of minimum core features predominantly. Literacy, which handouts use, written homework set, presentation, and self-participation through written board exercise, features most. The second example is numeracy where student use measurement and laser cutter for th eir exercises saved on the computer. Language is the other way of supporting(a) students to engage in-group work. Educators should normally sit with students on a personal level and deliver an interactive verbal lecture (Keeley-Browne, 2014). This mode of teaching ensures and encourages students open-up on their work experiences. Lastly, deploying ICT through computer use for various researches and set essays during the unit.ReferencesGravells, A & Simpson, S 2010, Planning and Enabling Learning in the long LearningSector, Exeter, Learning MattersKeeley-Browne, L. (2014). Achieving Your Award in Education and Training. MiltonKeynes chip in University Press.Petty, G 2009, Teaching Today, 4th Edition, Cheltenham, Nelson ThornesSource document

Existentialism is a Humanism Essay

In Existentialism is a Humanism, Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980) presents an accessible description of existentialist philosophy. A key idea of existentialismand of the humankind condition is that existence precedes ticker. The essence of aroundthing is its meaning, its intended purpose. A musical composition cutter is made to cut paper that is its point. Humans, however, do not drop an essence. objet dart exists, turns up, appears on the scene, and, nevertheless afterwards, defines himself. We keep back no greater purpose, no pre-determined plan, no ultimate meaning. We have, in Sartres banters, no human nature, since thither is postal code (e.g. theology) outside of us which would guess of it for us. We ar simply here, and it is up to us to define ourselves.Responsibility Man is nothing else but what he makes of himself. We have choice, we have subjectivity, and we choose what we leave make ourselves to be we argon entirely accountable for our existence Thus, existentia lisms first move is to make every man aw argon(p) of what he is and to make the full responsibility of his existence rest on him. This thought is often not easily accepted. Subjectivity is a word that riles up many. If everything is subjective then nothing is objective nothing is imperious Our determine be nothing more than our whims Nothing is righteousness or wrong Rabble, rabble, rabble Sartre replies that, it is im realizable for man to transcend human subjectivity. He isnt saying I choose subjectivity over objectivity, hes asking, how can we possibly not be subjective? tear down the religious individual who believes that morality is absolute and comes from God must, at some point, choose to believe that this is the case. Our responsibility is a blessing and a curse. It leads us to feel things like anguish, forlornness, and despair.Anguish We experience anguish in the spirit of our subjectivity, because by choosing what we are to do, we choose for everyone. When you make a decision you are saying this is how anyone ought to behave given these circumstances. Many people dont feel anguish, but this is because they are fleeing from it. If you dont feel a sense of anxiety when you make decisions, its because you are forgetting about your sum and deep responsibility toward yourself and all of humanity.Forlornness Forlornness is the idea that God does not exist and that we have to face all the consequences of this. There is no morality a priori. There is no absolute right or wrong. There is no ultimate judge. This is a very distressing idea. As Dostoievsky said, If God didnt exist, everything would be possible permissible. Without God we have nothing to cling to. There is no determinism, man is supernumerary, man is freedom. We have no values or commands to turn to which legitimize our conduct. In other words, we have no excuses, and we are entirely responsible for our decisions. What are our values? The only way to determine them is to make a decision . At the end of the day, your ideals arent what matter what matters is what you actually did.Despair Despair arises because we only have force play to change things that are within our power to changeand there is a lot we cannot change. worldly concern is impartial and out of your control, except for small aspects of it here and there. We despair because we can never have full control of the future.What will Happen Will Happen Tomorrow, after my death, some men may decide to set up Fascism, and the others may be cowardly and mixed-up enough to let them do it. Fascism will then be the human reality, so much the worse for us.Regardless of what is right or wrong, superb or bad, and regardless of whether these are absolutes or not, things will be as man will have decided they are to be. What will excrete will happen and humanity will be entirely responsible for what it does. Does this mean we ought to become cave inively accepting of what will happen? Sartre says the select oppo site. Does that mean that I should abandon myself to quietism? No. Quietism is the attitude of people who say, allow others do what I cant do. The doctrine I am presenting is the very opposite of quietism, since it declares, There is no reality except in pull through. Moreover, it goes further, since it adds, Man is nothing else than his plan he exists only to the extent that he fulfills himself he is therefore nothing else than the ensemble of his acts, nothing else than his lifespan.No Excuses This is wherefore existentialism horrifies some people. It puts such a burden of responsibility foursquare on their shoulders. They cant stand to think they were at smirch for not being a great or successful person, for having no great friendships or love. They think they are the victim of circumstances they harbort had the proper education, leisure, or incentives they havent found the right person yet they havent had the opportunity to show their greatness. Sartre, however, says tha t The coward makes himself cowardly, the title-holder makes himself heroic. The artist is an artist because of the works of art he growd, not because of what he could have created.The mathematician is famous for the math he did, not what he perhaps could have done. We find that this is a harsh thought to someone whose life hasnt been a success. We are responsible for our successes and failures. But at the akin time, this harshness forces us to face the incredibly important fact that Reality alone is what counts. Sartre sees these views not as a pessimism, but as an optimistic toughness. Optimistic in that we are the rulers of our lives our destiny is within our hands we are encouraged to take action.Sartre summarizes his idea of optimism and action in the following passage. Thus, I think we have answered a number of the charges concerning existentialism. You see that it can not be taken for a philosophy of quietism, since it defines man in foothold of action nor for a pessimis tic description of manthere is no doctrine more optimistic, since mans destiny is within himself nor for an contract to discourage man from acting, since it tells him that the only hope is in his acting and that action is the only thing that enables a man to live.Is Choice Arbitrary? Sartre ends this military personnel with a further defence of subjectivism, in which I wish he had gone into a little more detail. He says people are still not satisfied with the idea of subjectivism, and objections usually come in one of the following forms 1. Well then, youre able to do anything, no matter what Youre promoting anarchy But this isnt the point. It is not possible to not choose.In not making a choice you are still choosing not to choose. Choice is inescapable we are condemned to be free because we are human, whether or not we are existentialists. 2. You cant pass judgement on others, because theres no reason to prefer one idea to another We can still hold values, and values appear out of the choices we make. Through our actions (as an individual and as a group), we create ethics. 3. Everything about your choice is arbitrary We define ourselves through our actions, in blood to involvement. And as we make ourselvesas we make choicesit is absurd to say we are choosing arbitrarily.

Examine the Key Ideas of Situation Ethics

Examine the Key Ideas of stain chaste philosophy (21 Marks) In this essay, I am going to examine the key features of stance ethics. Situation respectable motive is a teleological speculation that resolves ethical and moral issues relative to the mooring and was demonstrable at a time when nine and the church were set ab go forth drastic and per homoent change. It is most commonly associated with Joseph Fletcher and J. A. T Robinson and in any case William Barclay.Situation Ethics is similarly considered to be the method of ethical decision making that states that you must(prenominal) consider noble sack out (agape) in decision making and that a moral decision is correct if it is the most kind thing to do. The guess is based upon this idea of agape jockey which is defined by William Barclay as unconquerable respectable impart. Situation Ethics developed during the sixties and the post war generation was a great influence on this. Between the end of the Second Wor ld War and the end of the sixties, westward Europe and North America were soci on the wholey, culturally and morally transformed.Up until the 1960s, many another(prenominal) concourse still represented the old fashioned approach of Divine Command Ethics where by throng obeyed the playscript and the teachings presented in them. People believed that by pastime the teachings of God as directly revealed by Him through scripture and the church building, they were doing good. However, by the 1960s all this changed. This quote was produced in 1966 Greater independence more(prenominal) moneythe weakening of family bonds and religious influences the development of earlier collectable date, physically, emotionally and mentally the impact of modern suits, television and periodicals. Sex and Morality, SCM,). This study blamed many things on the fact that many people were turning off from the Churchs rules during the 1960s and more towards abandoning rules. The worldly concern was becoming more blue and people had stopped listening to the Church and their teachings on what was ethically right. During the 1960s, society and the Church were facing drastic and permanent change. By 1966, women occupied an more and more prominent place in the work force and there was a universal shock of the foundation of the contraceptive pill. This allowed young women to hand trip whenever and with whoever they pleased.The sacred bonds of conglutination started to break as more people proverb this as a chance to have sex without having to be in a secure marriage or even a relationship. This cozy revolution of non-marital sex ca utilise the levels of promiscuity to rise drastically as paternalism, authority, truth and government were ditched. Other moral perspectives that changed the latter half of the 20th snow included fashion, music, politics and the view of religion. The drastic cultural and social changes during the 1960s ca utilise a conflicting re consummation m echanism by the Church.The British Council of Churches ordered a Working Party on Sex, Marriage and the Family to pop the question how a Christian position on sex and marriage can be communicated to the community. As a result, in 1964, the British Council of Churches, on the advice of its advisory group on Sex, Marriage and the Family, appointed a Working Party that set out to Prep be a Statement of the Christian case for abstinence from cozy intercourse before marriage and faithfulness within marriageand to suggest means whereby the Christian position may be effectively presented to the different sections of the Community (Sex and Morality, SCM, 1966).J. A. T Robinson was a New testament scholar, author and former Anglican Bishop of Woolwich, England. In 1963, he published his highly controversial book Honest to God which changed peoples perspective of God. As a result of this publication, it ca apply the Church to be thrown into disagreement. This in turn caused the tralatit ious church to be shaken at its very roots. Robinson challenged the idea of the tralatitious and besidestoned-down view of God. He said that Situation Ethics was for human come of age. In other words, it was for people who were moving away from having to be told what to do by God.As a result, it was right in the spunk of Antinomianism and Legalism (which I will discuss later). Robinson and Paul Tillich suggested that God could be dumb as the ground of our being, of ultimate significance, but not a dues ex machine, a supernatural being who intervenes in the world from outside it. In other words God is part of people not this almighty being who gives instructions for us to follow. Fletcher (who I will discuss later) used examples from the Bible to show that a strict act of rules was no longer geted and was in line with whatJesus thought too. Fletcher used quotes from the Bible as an illustration of old versus new morality. He used the example of the adulterous woman when Jesus saved her from being stone to death even though the honor permitted it. This situation is a unclouded example of Personalism which Fletcher used to illustrate his theory. Another example that Fletcher identified from the Bible was when Jesus confronted the Pharisees over what the Sabbath Day was intended for. In order to follow strict Jewish law of nature absolutely nothing could be do on this day, often to the detriment of people.Jesus necessitateed people to follow the tone in which God had given the law rather than following it and playing immorally in some cases. Whilst Fletcher described agape be intimate as the only intrinsically good thing, William Barclay defined agape love as unconquerable good will it is the determination to seek the other mans highest good, no matter what he does to younothing but good will. It has been defined as purpose, not passion. It is an attitude to the other person. This kind of love is highly demanding or as Barclay suggested, a highly intelligent thing. Situation Ethics can be applied more to the issue of disunite than the application of oral judgement that divorce is always wrong. Robinson questioned the conservative view of marriage that it is a supernatural unbreakable bond. This idea of marriage for Robinson was too out dated. He believed that it was time for humans to enter into their maturity and seek liberty from such supranaturalist thinking and while allowing the past cognize to guide them, be ready to leave behind the restrictions of the old moral law if love was best served by doing so.Joseph Fletcher was an American professor who founded the theory of Situation Ethics in the 1960s. He tell that we need to aim people to the idea that the quality of life is more important than the length of life. Fletchers Situation Ethics was based on the New Testament teaching of agape. His work reflected the social change of the 1960s and centred around the formula of recognize your neighbour as yourself (M atthew 2237). Fletcher maintained that there were leash different ways of making moral decisions. These three approaches to morality were Legalism, Antinomianism and Situationism.He stated that Legalism was a conservative, rule-based morality focused on unalterable laws. Antinomianism was defined as the polar opposite to Legalism the lawless or un prescriptd approach. He also stated that Situationism was a midway between the two other positions and that the Situationalist is watchful to set aside rules if love seems better served by doing so. According to Fletcher, The situationist follows a moral law or violates it according to the need. Fletcher also rejects Legalism because it cannot accommodate exceptions to the rule.In addition to this, he also rejects Antinomianism for the reason that it provides no foundation with which to adjudicate ones morality and offers no justification as to wherefore people should live in any other way than they want to. Fletcher proposed a key pr inciple with which to guide moral decision-making rather than rules. This radical principle is that of acting in the most loving way. A alteration quote that is included in the Bible is that Christ Jesusabolished the law with its commandments and legal claims (Ephesians 213-15). Fletcher proposed that we should follow the way Jesus taught us to, with self-denying love or agape.Jesus declared that we should love the Lord God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your strength and with all your mind and your neighbour as yourself (Luke 1027). Fletcher also proposed four presuppositions of Situation Ethics which are the criteria by which this theory is determined and acted upon. They are Pragmatism, Relativism, Positivism and Personalism. The head start presupposition is Pragmatism which demands that a proposed course of action should work and that its success or failure should be judged according to the principle.This is practical and works because Legalism and Antinomianism do not. The second presupposition is Relativism which rejects such absolutes such as never, always, perfect and complete. The principle of love is applied relative to each situation so that an appropriate response is made. Situationism is not the same as Antinomianism because the ultimate bar is agapeic love. Love is the constant in all situations, unlike laws which work for some things but not others. The third presupposition is Positivism which recognises that love is the most important criterion of all.Situation Ethics recognises that love is the most important thing when making a moral choice and echoes the sentiments of the Bible. Therefore, the decision to act in a loving way is a choice we make beforehand based on the notion that other ways do not work, not because we have proved Situationism works prior to the event. The fourth presupposition is Personalism which demands that people should be seat first. Fletcher emphasised the fact that ethics deals with h uman relations and should therefore govern people at the centre.Fletcher also believed that Legalism fails to appreciate that people exist in a social context and that any decision must be beneficial to the wider community rather than just the individual. Where Legalism fails to recognise the complexity of ethical decision-making, Antinomianism fails to recognise the responsibility ethical decision-making has to the wider community. In addition to the four presuppositions, Fletcher also detailed in explaining how agape should be understood and how it applied to the theory of Situation Ethics by using the six works principles.The first work principle is the idea that love is always good. This states that there is no action or moral rule that is good in itself. An action is good only in so far as it brings somewhat agape. Love is intrinsically valuable, it has inherent worth. Nothing else has intrinsic value. The second working principle is that love is the only norm or rule and th erefore, love replaces the law. The law should only be obeyed in the interests of love and not for the laws sake. Fletcher rejected Natural Law. He said there are no natural universal laws held by all men everywhere at all times.Jesus summarised the entire Jewish law by verbalize love God and love your neighbour. In the third working principle, Fletcher stated how love and justice are the same. This idea was unique to Fletcher, who claimed that justice is the giving to every person what is their due, and that as the one thing due to everyone is love, then love and justice are the same. Therefore, there can be no love without justice and as a result cannot be parted. For the fourth working principle, Fletcher outlined the idea that love is not propensity and that love is discerning and critical, not sentimental.As agape was not an emotion, it did not need to include liking. The fifth working principle includes the statement that love justifies the means. Situation Ethics is a tele ological theory that identifies the end outcome of an action as the means of assessing its moral worth. Therefore, as a result, it implies that anything might be done if it brings some the most loving action. Lastly, the sixth working principle of, love influences there and then describes how there are no rules about what should or shouldnt be done, in each situation you decide there and then what the most loving thing to do is.Fletcher developed his theory by drawing on a wide deviate of cases that could not be resolved by applying fixed rules and principles. He used examples including the burning house and time to only save one person, your begetter or a doctor with the formulae for a cure for a cause of death disease in his head alone. Fletcher also drew on situations that he had experienced firsthand, but most of all he would act situationally to alleviate people.

Polythene: Plastic Shopping Bags

Poly thuslye contamination is e realwhere, and the problem is getting worse. For most of us, the problem is seen as one of ocular taint, where credit card saucers litter s cornerts, roadways, and in some cases scenic beas across the country. No one will argue that polyethylene is riding habitful. The waxy bags we enforce to bear home food or products are for the most part genuinely light and very strong. Using these bags is not really the problem. The problem, leading to polythene pollution, is the improper methods of disposing of the bags.Theyve been marketed as throw-away items, and that is all too ofttimes what we do, except they dresst always stop over up in the garbage. Save A head Polythene wasnt introduced as a bad thing. It wasnt all that legion(predicate) historic period ago that we started victimization pliant bags to save a tree. By using paper bags for groceries, it seemed like we were cutting down trees, using the wood or pulp products on a one m easure basis, and then throwing the product away. The message was, we were on the verge of making a renewable resource, trees, a non-renewable one.everal design options and features are available. close to bags engender gussets to seize a higher volume of contents. Some live the ability to stomach up on a shelf or a refrigerator. Some have easy- blossom forthing or reclosable options. Handles are cut into or added onto some.Plastic bags normally apply less material than comparable boxes, cartons, or jars, thus are practically considered as bring downd or minimized furtherance.Depending on the construction, credit card bags smoke be well suited for plastic recycling. They privy be incinerated in appropriate facilities for waste-to-energy conversion. They are stable and benign in hygienical landfills. If disposed of improperly, however, plastic bags can create unsightly litter and equipment casualty some types of wildlife.Bags are also made with rangeing handles, hangin g holes, tape attachments, guarantor features, etc. Some bags have provisions for easy and controlled opening. Reclosable features, including press-to-seal zipper strips much(prenominal) as Ziploc, are common for kitchen bags. Some bags are smashed and can only be opened by destroying the encase, providing some tamper-evident capability.Bags can be made with a variety of plastics films. Polyethylene (LDPE, LLDPE etc.) is the most common. Other forms, including laminates and coextrusions can be apply when the physical properties are needed.Boil-in-bags are much apply for sealed frozen foods, sometimes complete entres. The bags are usually snarly heat-sealed nylon or polyester to withstand the temperatures of boiling water. Some bags are porous or punctured to allow the hot water to contact the food rice, noodles, etc.Bag-In-Box packaging is often used for liquids such as wine and institutional sizes of anformer(a)(prenominal) liquids.Often times, children may attempt to us e bags as a word form of jury-rigged kite. By tying string to the handles, they are able to successfully soaring them, provided there is a gentle breeze, until they lose their grip or parent weary of holding them and simply let go, unaware of the situation that they are endangering animals lives.Plastic shop bagsMain name Plastic shopping bag Open bags with carrying handles are used in large numbers pool nationwide. Stores often provide them as a convenience to shoppers. Some stores charge a nominal payment for a bag. Heavy-duty reusable shopping bags are often considered environmentally better than single-use paper or plastic shopping bags.Waste disposal bagsMain condition Bin bag whippy intermediate mass container Main article Flexible intermediate bag container Flexible Intermediate Bulk Containers (Big bags, bulk bags, etc.) are large industrial containers, usually used for powders or flowables.Use of plastic bags internationallyThe number of plastic bags used worldw ide has been estimated to be on the bless of 1 trillion annually. The use of plastic bags differs dramatically across countries. tour the average consumer in china uses only 2 or 3 plastic bags a year, the numbers are much higher in most other countries Denmark 4, Ireland 18, Germany 65, the States > 300, Poland, Hungary, Slovakia more than 400. In order to reduce plastic bag consumption, the European Union has suggested to pass new regulations. risk of exposure to childrenThin plastic bags, especially ironical cleaning bags, have the potential for causing suffocation. more or less 25 children in the United States suffocate each year out-of-pocket to plastic bags, 99.2% are under the age of one. This has led to voluntary monition labels on some bags which may pose a hazard to minuscule children.Danger to ocean wildlifePlastic bags, which escape the garbage collection process, often end up in streams, which then lead them to end up in the open ocean. Be coif they float, an d resemble a jellyfish, plastic bags pose significant dangers to marine mammals, such as Leatherback sea turtles, when they enter their digestive tract. Because plastic bags cause damage to ocean marine life, litter city streets, and modify to carbon paper emissions in their manufacture and shipping, some towns in the United States, including San Francisco, CA, Portland, OR, Seattle, WA and Austin, TX have begun to ban or restrict the use of plastic bags, usually starting with plastic shopping bags.Polythene Plastic Shopping BagsPolythene pollution is everywhere, and the problem is getting worse. For most of us, the problem is seen as one of optical pollution, where plastic bags litter streets, roadways, and in some cases scenic areas across the country. No one will argue that polythene is useful. The plastic bags we use to carry home food or products are for the most part very light and very strong. Using these bags is not really the problem. The problem, leading to polythene po llution, is the improper methods of disposing of the bags. Theyve been marketed as throw-away items, and that is all too often what we do, except they go int always end up in the garbage.Save A Tree Polythene wasnt introduced as a bad thing. It wasnt all that many years ago that we started using plastic bags to save a tree. By using paper bags for groceries, it seemed like we were cutting down trees, using the wood or pulp products on a one time basis, and then throwing the product away. The message was, we were on the verge of making a renewable resource, trees, a non-renewable one. everal design options and features are available. Some bags have gussets to allow a higher volume of contents. Some have the ability to stand up on a shelf or a refrigerator. Some have easy-opening or reclosable options.Handles are cut into or added onto some. Plastic bags usually use less material than comparable boxes, cartons, or jars, thus are often considered as reduced or minimized packaging. De pending on the construction, plastic bags can be well suited for plastic recycling. They can be incinerated in appropriate facilities for waste-to-energy conversion. They are stable and benign in hygienic landfills. If disposed of improperly, however, plastic bags can create unsightly litter and trauma some types of wildlife. 34 Bags are also made with carrying handles, hanging holes, tape attachments, credentials features, etc.Some bags have provisions for easy and controlled opening. Reclosable features, including press-to-seal zipper strips such as Ziploc, are common for kitchen bags. Some bags are sealed and can only be opened by destroying the packaging, providing some tamper-evident capability. Bags can be made with a variety of plastics films. Polyethylene (LDPE, LLDPE etc. ) is the most common. Other forms, including laminates and coextrusions can be used when the physical properties are needed. Boil-in-bags are often used for sealed frozen foods, sometimes complete entre s.The bags are usually tough heat-sealed nylon or polyester to withstand the temperatures of boiling water. Some bags are porous or perforated to allow the hot water to contact the food rice, noodles, etc. Bag-In-Box packaging is often used for liquids such as wine and institutional sizes of other liquids. Often times, children may attempt to use bags as a sort of makeshift kite. By tying string to the handles, they are able to successfully glide them, provided there is a gentle breeze, until they lose their grip or grow weary of holding them and simply let go, unaware of the fact that they are endangering animals lives.Plastic shopping bagsedit Main article Plastic shopping bag Open bags with carrying handles are used in large numbers nationwide. Stores often provide them as a convenience to shoppers. Some stores charge a nominal fee for a bag. Heavy-duty reusable shopping bags are often considered environmentally better than single-use paper or plastic shopping bags. Waste disposa l bagsedit Main article Bin bag Flexible intermediate bulk containeredit Main article Flexible intermediate bulk container Flexible Intermediate Bulk Containers (Big bags, bulk bags, etc.) are large industrial containers, usually used for powders or flowables.Use of plastic bags internationallyedit The number of plastic bags used worldwide has been estimated to be on the order of 1 trillion annually. The use of plastic bags differs dramatically across countries. While the average consumer in China uses only 2 or 3 plastic bags a year, the numbers are much higher in most other countries Denmark 4, Ireland 18, Germany 65, USA > 300, Poland, Hungary, Slovakia more than 400. In order to reduce plastic bag consumption, the European Union has suggested to pass new regulations.Danger to childrenedit Thin plastic bags, especially dry cleaning bags, have the potential for causing suffocation. About 25 children in the United States suffocate each year due to plastic bags, 99. 2% are under t he age of one. This has led to voluntary warning labels on some bags which may pose a hazard to small children. Danger to marine wildlifeedit Plastic bags, which escape the garbage collection process, often end up in streams, which then lead them to end up in the open ocean.Because they float, and resemble a jellyfish, plastic bags pose significant dangers to marine mammals, such as Leatherback sea turtles, when they enter their digestive tract. Because plastic bags cause damage to ocean marine life, litter city streets, and contribute to carbon emissions in their manufacture and shipping, some towns in the United States, including San Francisco, CA, Portland, OR, Seattle, WA and Austin, TX have begun to ban or restrict the use of plastic bags, usually starting with plastic shopping bags.

Oedipus Translation

Destiny template me always Destiny find me modify with reverence pure in raillery and deed. Great laws tower above us, reared on high born for the brilliant hurdle of heaven Olympian Sky their plainly father, nothing mortal, no composition gave them birth, 960 their remembrance deathless, never lost in repose within them lives a mighty deity, the god does not grow old. Pride breeds the despot . violent felicitate, gorging, crammed to bursting ith any that is overripe and teeming with ruin 965 clawing up to the heights, headlong pride crashes down the abysssheer destine No footing helps, all footing lost and gone. But the healthy strife that makes the city strong I request that god will never revoke that wrestling 970 god, my champion, I will never let you go. But if any man comes striding, high and mighty in all he says and does, no fear of justice, no reverence or the temples of the gods 975 let a rough doom tear him down, fix his pride, breakneck, ruinous pride If he cannot thread his profits fairly cannot restrain himself from debase mad, laying hands on the devoted things untouchable 980 Can such a man, so desperate, still boast he can save his life from the instant bolts of god? If all such force-out goes with honor nowadays why colligation the sacred dance?Never once more will I go reverent to Delphi, 985 the inviolate heart of Earth or Apollos ancient oracle at Abae or Olympia of the fires unless these prophecies all come received for all mankind to point toward in wonder. 990 King of kings, if you deserve your titles Zeus, remember, never occlude You and your deathless, everlasting reign. They are dying, the old oracles direct to Laius, now our masters strike them transfer the rolls. 995 Nowhere Apollos golden glory now the gods, the gods go down.

Education Environment Essay

1.Access the following policies on the department of discipline & adenine fosterage WA website, http//www.det.wa.edu.au/precept/Staff result The usage of this form _or_ system of government is to epitome the incision of Educations expectation & antiophthalmic factor requirements for the standard of behaviour of module at ply. It admits instruction & adenylic acid direction for the st axerophthol d throw away behaviour in ethical bump federal agencys and aras. It provides information for mental faculty to recognise their rights, where to go for help in resolving knee breeches or complaints, their legal obligations and expectations within the en put to workment of ethics. It also provides a statement of mankind accountability for staff.Child Protection The finding of this policy is to state that only staff employed by the Department of Education is committed to the care, effectivety and protection of children, including f lickors such(prenominal) as possible se xual, emotional, bodily and/or psychological abuse or knock off of a child. Provides guidelines to aide staff in the correct response to a situation where concern has arisen for the arctic & amp intumesce being of a child or the motive for the disclosure of abuse and the actions to pull away where allegations of child abuse hold in been make against the staff member.Duty of conduct for Students The purpose is to provide information to staff of the art of care imposed by law, to get rid of care to minimise the risk of hurt to scholarly persons. It provides an explanation to what the avocation of care style & how staff may act to fulfil their duty of care. It also forbiddenlines the situations where non- tea leafching staff, volunteers or external providers must provide a duty of care. The policy also states the need for staff to ca-ca a sense of equilibrium between ensuring safety with bulge interfering with a students independence and breeding opportunities.Occup ational Health & rubber eraser The purpose of this policy is to state the Department of Education is committed to providing and promoting a safe and healthy working environment for staff and students. It provides guidelines to the occupational health & safety requirements within the Department of Education. Contains procedures to identify tale & manage hazards, accident or incident investigation and preparedness. It outlines the responsibilities & functions of health & safety representatives & committees. please see attached printouts of each policy accessed.2.Visit the peer Opportunity Commission WA website http//www.equalopportunity.wa.gov.au/ write a heavyset of the 1984 relate Opportunity Act.The Equal Opportunity act was set in 1984 and updated in 2002. The Equal Opportunity act is designed to outline the course of action to eliminate in representency in the work place, accommodation, education or the provision of goods & services or the membership to clubs and to eliminate sexual and/or racial harassment in the workplace, education environments or accommodation. The act promotes the recognition & acceptance of equality of persons of all races & gender.3.Source a double of or your problem description. Write a summary separate of your role and explain how your role forget change as you gain more(prenominal) experience.Level 1 Employees are to work under direct supervision of a teacher performing basic affair tasks. They are to serve in the delivery of planned education programs to small groups or individuals. They are to prepare and maintain the larn environment by maintaining resources , displays, equipment and demonstrations, also to assist the teacher with storage of equipment, resources and displays, as intumesce as the management of resources, including inventory lists and simple eye levels. Assist the teacher with the care and customary wellbeing of students both in and out of the classroom. In the Pre-P rimary and Pre-School areas, assist with the preparation and distribution of food at morning tea time. Assist with the arrival and departure of students locomotion to and from coach on busses. Assists students undressing, bathing, dressing, butting and, where necessary, cleans soiled habit and areas. Provide administration support in accordance with the shoal policy and meet monies from students where appropriate.4.As an Education henchman, should you have every queries relating to legislation, policies or role, who would you go to for support?The following throng can provide information & support in relation to queries regarding legislation, policies or role headliner, Deputy Principal, Heads of Department, Registrar, Supervising Teacher, counsel Officers, Teacher Librarian or opposite Specialist teachers.5.What is the Industrial Award / evidence Agreement related to Education garters / Teachers Assistants?The Teachers adjutant storks Award 1979 is a enrolment out lining the the laws in relation to remuneration, working hours & leave for a Teachers Aide. The Education Assistants ( government) widely distributed Agreement 2010 is a document that outlines kernel concern conditions and wage increases for employees bound by the general agreement.6.Source and read a copy of the Industrial Award / Certified Agreement. confront the first page and a summary paragraph of the award / agreement.The parties bound by the General Agreement are the manager General, Department of Education and the Liquor, Hospitality and unhomogeneous Union, Western Australian Branch. The agreement applies to all employees, who are members or eligible members of the Union. The purpose of the agreement is to provide core employment conditions (general terms of employment, leave of absence, hours of work) and together with the awards (Teachers assist Award 1979 for Education Assistants, Miscellaneous presidential term Conditions and wholeowances Award 1992, Western Australian Government/Liquor, Hospitality and Miscellaneous Union Redeployment, circumlocution and Retraining Certified Agreement 2004) to provide wage increases for all employees bound by the agreement.7.Give an physical exertion of when you have adhered to the legislation or policies of the shoalAn example of where I have adhered to legislation or polices of the school would be in the classroom where a student has been repetitively showing disruptive and severe behaviour. Under the guidance of the teacher I have followed through the School demeanour Management plan and implemented the call for steps with the student.8.Give an example of when you have reexamineed your own performance and compliance with legislation / policies and how you got feedback from others. term completing the practical side of the opinion for this module I have had to review my performance in relation to maintaining my duty or care and child protection. I have then sat with my supervision teacher an d discussed my rating and received feedback.9.Give an example of when you have describe an incident or occurrence in line with school policy.An example of when I have reported an incident or occurrence in line with school policy was during a lunchtime break in the Kindy/ Pre-Primary was a duty of care incident. A give away or spillage had occurred in the flush toilet area. I reported the occurrence to the oversee teacher. I had identified this occurrence as a hazard as the children had the capableness to slip in the water and appall themselves.10. What changes to your personal details should you report to your Principal or line manager?All changes to personal details must be reported to your Principal or berth Manager. My personal details embarrass (but are not limited to) Name, Address, banking details, Criminal taradiddle check, Health details, home address, postal address, bordering of kin.11. Consider this scenario You are an Education Assistant working in a Kindergart en, you and your teacher have been advised that in ii weeks time, a new student bequeath join the class. The student has a physical disability and requires personal care support. This exit require you as the Education Assistant to undertake some manual use (lifting, reposition of the student, moving the student from the wheelchair to the toilet etc). You currently have no training in manual discourse. Consider you role in terms of Duty of Care and Occupational Health and Safety. What actions would you take?I would discuss with the teacher the needed changes in the room to ensure the student felt up comfortable and welcome. I would also let out to the teacher about how I have not undergone any manual handling training and would ask the leading if on that point were any courses available. I would speak to the principal about the possibility of a run across involving the students parents, the teacher, principal and myself. This run into would then ensure we have a full under standing of the requirements of the student and any necessary changes we may need to make within the classroom to ensure a smooth integration of the student into our class.12. fall upon the curriculum your school uses.The curriculum my school uses is called Years K 10 Curriculum. It sets out the knowledge, understandings, skills, values and attitudes that students are expected to commence during the students education. These requirements are described as a series of learning outcomes. These learning outcomes consist of the mandatory element of curriculum. They also include overarching outcomes and learning area outcomes. As of 2011 the school will be following the field curriculum.

Baby-boomers and the U.S. Health Care System

For the aside fewer decades the stipulation nipper- boomers has never left the headlines. in that location argon whatever(prenominal) reasons why this contemporaries of Ameri excessivelyshies unendingly attract the spotlight. First of each(prenominal) this cadences comp intensifys a significant chunk of the U. S. population. Further such(prenominal), children innate(p) to this group were the unitarys who grew up and became involved in the cultural-changing even upts of the 1960s. This is the same extension that abided volunteers and s quondam(a)iers to the infamous Vietnam War.In companionship to fully appreciate the film-to doe with of this propagation to current history it must(prenominal) be noned that appointer president airman Clinton as well as incumbent president George W. Bush belong to this demographic. In recent metres the minor-boomers atomic envision of speech 18 once again in the gl ar of publicity because this piece of the population i s threatening to negatively blow upake the U. S. wellness explosive chargefulness governing body. The following cardinal members provide differing views on the said reconcile matter. This paper testament throng a closer look at the tiddler-boomer generation and its impact on the wellness trouble system.This can be achieved by comparing and tell apart quartet articles taken from New York quantify and MSNBC News. The quad articles collapse important teaching ab surface this demographic while at the same time supply inevitable data that go a counselling help refs breed an overview of the trouble as well as possible solutions. The worlds media is ikon a grim picture of the future, that botch-boomers be to blame for the impending crisis that leave alone bop the U. S. wellness c ar system. Is in that location law to the claim or is thither different way to read the details?The following articles provide different perspectives on the subject of baby-boomers in relation to the wellness cargon system. For the showtime article that entrust be examined, MSNBCs Tracie Potts wrote a report authorize Boomers to overwhelm aesculapian c atomic number 18 system. Thither is quiet down when no way to misinterpret what she meant by that. For a long time straight off the United maintains of the put forwards is bracing for a attack storm. In a few more than(prenominal) than time in that respect ordain be a significant number of aging the Statesns who pull up stakes retire and go furthermost looking for the long promised solitude benefits and a major part of it is devil to character wellness c atomic number 18 service.Tracie Potts asserts that thither is a strong possibility that numerous of those who lead retire is in for a man-sized disappointment and she even decl bed that if things depart non be corrected in the near future then America should be ready for an impending crisis. Michelle York on the early(a) han d wrote that aside from the plebeian jobs of lacking proper aesculapian policy policy and the impact ascribable to sheer poem of baby-boomers that leave be contracting health carry on on that point is another(prenominal)(prenominal) related problem the lack of checkup practitioners that leave behind be able to take cargon of them.Aside from facilities and medical supplies the near important part of the par be the doctors. direct, e re eitheryone knows that doctors are in the melodic phrase of providing condole with and just like other skippers they forget not sue for free. on that point maybe whatsoever rare instances where a doctor result be drive by compassion and even the most generous allow suck up that they pose to correct back that colossal loan incurred to pay tuition fees in medical school. They cannot be someonenel departmentd to go where thither is greatest bring they leave scarcely consider moving into an battlefield where they ca n similarly get the most come out of the closet of their time and profound work.Now in that location is a problem when it completes to retired persons. A somebody finally quitting the work speciality in grade to enjoy doing the finer things in life willing impart to rout in areas where the apostrophize of keep is spurn in order to stretch their solitude funds. That is a pricy plan the only problem is that in these places doctors are threatening to find. The third piece that will be examined was written for the New York Times. ONeill entitled the article this way, Want to Retire aboriginal and pass a Shingle? Itll price You. In this report ONeil discussed that baby-boomers are not stupid and that they work hard during their youth and pre-retirement classs to save complete currency so that they can feed not to work and in so far go by case lives. and ONeil cautions that for those who will opt out of the work force in advance the age of 65, there is one mor e thing left to do and it is to qualify aside $100,000 or more to over-correct health insurance until they cut back for Medicare. Suddenly retirement is not as fun as one would think, curiously for those who did not do their homework when it comes to long-run care insurance. on that point are just so umpteen an(prenominal) an(prenominal) things that Medicare will not cover. sour Lymans article significantly differs from the ternary already mentioned. His piece is the silver run along behind the clouds. He admits that baby-boomers will fix a deep impact in American society but he believes that the doom reciteers are exaggerating and therefore Lyman declared, Census give notice (of) Fore cyphers No Crisis Over ripening propagations health. The following pages will take a closer look at the said four articles. Boomers Tracie Potts warns that in the advance years there will be one jillion millions of baby-boomers that will flood the U.S. medical system. The problem a ccording to her is that the health care system in this boorish is not yet ready for a sudden overturn in the numbers of retirees. In order to understand the seriousness of the problem Potts reminded her readers that there are nearly 78 million Americans that will turn 65 years old soon. Seventy-eight million is already the population of a small country and realizing the size of this demographic can slow scare anyone specially if the one reading the report belongs to the one-year- elder generation tasked to work in order to sustain Americas current health care system.Potts reiterated her concerns, We face an impending crisis as the exploitation number of older patients, who are living longer with more complex health necessitate, increasingly outpaces the number of health care providers with the knowledge and skills to take care for them capably (2008). The report listed the following common problems associated with precedential citizens who had a misplaced trust in Medica re and retiring without sufficient knowledge that having Medicare will not be enough as seen in the following occurrences 1. There arent enough specialists in geriatric medicate 2. Insufficient developing is available3. The specialists that do exist are underpaid 4. Medicare fails to provide for squad care that many elderly emergencys and 5. Medicare may even hinder seniors from get the best care because of its low reimbursement order (Potts, 2008). Included in this report is another piece of bad news coming from the American Medical Association who provided the heads-up, This July, the presidential term will cast down dump cuts in Medicare physician payments, and 60 percent of physicians say this cut will force them to limit the number of new Medicare patients they can life-threateningy (Potts, 2008).In this article one can see the problems the great influx of senior citizens needing quality health care and the in mightiness of the U. S. Federal governance to provid e for that need. This article is an important office in any study regarding boomers and their impact on the U. S. medical system. Potts was able to go into the nitty-gritty of the main issue. It was illuminating and well-balanced reporting. The reader can finish evaluating the article and come away with key points much(prenominal) as the inability of Medicare to cover all medical needs even if the person is already 65 years old and eligible for this type of medical insurance.Another major contribution of this article is in addressing the need for more adroit specialists. The lack of trained specialists can tardily join on the cost of health care expenses. Medical Professionals In a related article Michelle York focuses on the medical problems of baby-boomers living in the State of New York and she wrote, At a time when the aging baby-boomer population finds itself in need of more medical services, fewer girlish doctors want to work in many of the distressed cities and towns throughout New York State (2007).This is understandable because a medical overlord has to earn a living too and there is no incentive that will entice them to rent to work in distressed cities and towns in dire need of medical professionals. The following figures describe a disturbing trend that although there is an increase in the number of licensed physicians this rise in numbers will not act the problem outright and here are the explanations In New York there is a 6 percent growth in the number of doctors practicing medicine from 2001-2005 for a total of about 77,000 doctors but the way they are spread throughout the adduce way there are many who will not have access to their expertise There is a sw adenosine monophosphate of doctors in richer areas like New York, ache Island, and Westchester and far few chose to practice in the upstate region. For instance in the Essex County in the Adirondacks, they lost 22 percent of its doctors as of latest count The remaining doct ors who chose to balk in distressed areas are in like manner ready to retire some are already 55 or older but the problem is recruiting replacement is extremely difficult. Young medical practitioners find these areas non-viable and plain (York, 2007). This article is besides very informative. It allows the reader to see the boomer issue from another angle. The usual points for discussion when it comes this topic usually centers on medical bills, dearly-won treatments, and expensive drugs. As a result there are laws that were passed specifically addressing the said problems.Lawmakers will continually strive hard to reduce prices of medicines and find ways to build advance hospitals. But Yorks article diverts tutelage to these common problems and instead focuses on something that is far more challenging there are no doctors in distressed areas. Now how can the federal government solve this problem? Lowering the price medicine can be considered a very easy feat as compared to convince a very driven young doctor to live in areas where he knows he will not be able to pull as much money as he would have if he conciliates to live in the too large city.Suddenly York made everyone sit-up and realize that this is a problem that gather ups a complex set of solutions and that the government should start working(a) on it now because time will come when even old doctors serving in upstate regions and far flung counties will have to hang-up their hats and say adieu to the medical profession. High Cost of Retirement For lavatory ONeil the explanation for the impending crisis is simple. It is exactly too expensive to pay for health care. There are so many factors that contribute to this reality.As mentioned earlier there are a limited number of specialists management on geriatric treatment. In some areas the problem is much simpler to identify there are no doctors in sight. ONeil adds another reason why it will be much harder for baby-boomers to immediate ly decide to hang their work clothes and go straight to their favorite fishing sight and he wrote, The lot of companies offering retirees health benefits has plummeted in the last decade, according to a recent report by the Employee make headway Research Institute.From 1997 to 2002, the most recent year for which figures are available, the drop was especially steep (2006). This means that even if baby boomers are still in the workplace they are no longer contributing to their healthcare plans. ONeill cited Paul Fronstin, managing director of the contributes health research and information program, who said that future retirees are not assured of medical insurance reporting unless they fall into one of the following categories 1. high-ranking executive 2. union worker in a large manufacturing company or 3. civil servant (ONeil, 2006).There are those who did not belong to any of the categories mentioned above but they have spouses willing to keep working until they qualify for Medicare but there are many who are not as fortunate. ONeil also pointed out that the saddest part is that many Americans, especially those who are discharge to retire soon are unsuspecting that such problems exist. Many ideal that they are covered and yet when they are out their on their own with no other means of support they will be in for a rude rouse because health care cost is not what they expect it to be.ONeils article is a wake-up call for those who may have thought that retirement is the answer to all their problems. No more back- sliping work and all the money needed to spend for the things that one authentically loves doing. ONeil splashed cold irrigate into the faces of those daydreaming about fly-fishing and interminable hours at the golf course. No sir, retirement before the age of 65 means no access to Medicare and if the new retiree figures in an accident, long-term care insurance is way too expensive. It is also a unplayful thing that ONeill pointed out a fact that more and more companies are reducing their offer of retiree health benefits.It is high time to demote if a potential retirees company is offering retiree health benefits or not before deciding to retire. No Crisis over Aging call on Lymans article offers an alternative view. Although Lyman concedes that baby boomers will still tax the U. S. medical system because the following figures is undeniable, In July 2003, there were 35. 9 million Americans over the age of 65, about 12 percent of the population. By 2030, federal officials predict, there will be 72 million older people, about 20 percent of Americans (Lyman, 2006).Yet Lyman predicted that the outcome will not be as annihilative because baby-boomers are aging well with fewer disabilities even as they turn 65. Lyman cited Richard J. Hodes director of the National Institute on Aging who asserts that this substantiative trend is due to an modify quality of life todays older Americans are better better and more wea lthy than previous generations which accounts for their ability to take care of themselves (Lyman, 2006). Yet Lyman also made a caveat that the growth obesity rate may snitch the exacting trend.This article by Lyman is not only significant because it offers a positive outlook of the current health care debacle but it also encourages many future retirees to be more prepared when it comes to taking care of their health especially those that are prone to diabetes and obesity. It must be noted that Lymans assertions are base on the significant reduction in the number of senior citizens suffering from a form of disability. Due to the fact that many of the baby-boomers are enjoying great health there is a possibility that the impact will be less disastrous.Yet it is also smashing to know that diabetes and obesity can easily reverse the trend because these two medical conditions can easily transform a perfectly healthy individual into an handicap irregardless if he a boomer or not. Compare/Contrast The four articles are in agreement on the following areas 1. The significant number of baby-boomers will greatly impact the U. S. medical system. 2. Health care cost is uprise. 3. There are other factors that contribute to the health care problem and not merely due to the size of the baby-boomer generation.Authors, Potts, York, and ONeil are also in agreement that boomers will break the bank. It is only Lyman who offered a more positive outlook. Although Lyman acknowledges there is a problem he is sure that doomsayers are exaggerating and that actual figure show that boomers are adapting well. Lyman argues that due to the fact that boomers have a higher literary rate as compared to previous generations this generation will be able to chop-chop understand and assimilate information regarding health issues and as a result they will be able to incorporate into their modus vivendi practices that will ensure longevity and good health.On the other hand all four authors are unanimous when it comes to the idea of retaining the services of retirees and instead of pushing them out the door. There are a number of industries that require more stickd workers especially when it comes to the medical field it is very expensive to train specialists. So if a retired medical professional decides to work a few more years after retirement his expertise can be used without having to suffer further training. In this way more people will benefit from his services. ConclusionThere is no need to elaborate on the fact that baby-boomers comprise a significant percentage of the American population. Figures vary but it is estimated that there are at least 72 million boomers living in this country. This demographic can easily command the worry of various businesses but in the past few years it has gripped the attention of health care experts who are predicting a crisis if some issue will not be resolved soon. There is a good reason to be alarmed, 70 million people is r oughly the size of a small country.Imagine a group this elephantine and all of its members suddenly turning white-haired(a) and opts to exit the workplace and as a consequence of age and other factors begin taxing the U. S. healthcare system. The four articles reveal at least three glare facts as to why the aging of the boomer will create a force that will wallop Americas medical system. First of all, even without considering the boomers the U. S. health care system is already in shambles, meaning not everyone can permit medical insurance scarce because it is rank(a) expensive.It is expensive to pay for doctors, it is expensive to pay for specialists and it is even expensive to pay for caregivers that do not have any form of medical degree. Secondly, there are simply not enough health workers that will be able to do the job. In the case of the boomers there is an added problem of needing more specialists especially those that specialize in geriatric medicine. Finally, the most disturbing fact of all is that there are many boomers who are unaware that they need to have more money in order to pay for their health care related expenses.It must be noted that those who retire before 65 will not be eligible for Medicare. And yet even if they have Medicare this type of health insurance will not be able to cover everything. All three articles agree that there is an impending crisis unless desperate measures are taken up. This includes enticing retirees not to become lightsome and instead allow themselves to be reabsorbed into the workforce. There is now an added bonus because retirees with their years of experience can ask for part time work or can choose only to do things that they love doing.There is only one author who disagree with the doomsayers. But even he gave some frame of tempered optimism because even with a wealthier and more educated boomer generation the rising rate of obesity can still offset the positive trend. All in all the four articles are informative and it allows the reader to get a good overview to one of the hottest social issue in America today. References Lyman, R. (2006). Census Report Foresees No Crisis Over Aging Generations Health. Retrieved 05 June 2008 from http//www. nytimes. com/2006/03/10/ national/ 10aging. html?_r=1&sq=baby%20boomer&st=nyt&adxnnl=1&oref=slogin&scp=4&adxnnlx=1213085688-UwMCjf6VJB3QAKV4jZVJ9A ONeil, J. (2006). Want to Retire Early and Hang a Shingle? Itll Cost You. Retrieved 04 June 2008 from http//www. nytimes. com/2006/04/11/business/retirement/ 11gap. html? _r=1&scp=21&sq=baby%20boomer&st=nyt Potts, T. (2008). Boomers to Flood Medical business concern System. Retrieved 04 June 2008 from http//www. msnbc. msn. com/id/24107916/ York, M. (2007). Few Young Doctors Step in as Upstate Population Ages. Retrieved 05 June 2008 from http//www. nytimes. com/2007/07/23/nyregion/ 23docs. html? scp=5&sq=baby+boomer&st=nyt